Fall 2022
ARTH 1301-002: Final Exam Review
Chapter Terms
Chapter 7
Monotheism: The belief that only one God created and rules the universe. Polytheism: A choice of multiple religions and gods. Paganism: From Latin for "unsophisticated peasant" and coined by Christians to denigrate polytheists. Typology: The study of types. In Christian theology and Biblical exegesis, it is a doctrine or theory concerning the predictive relationship of the Old Testament to the New Testament. Example: Episodes in the Old Testament prefigure the New Testament, like Jonah and the Whale as a prefiguration (prediction) of Christ's Resurrection. Syncretism: The attempted union of different or opposing principles or practices, as in philosophy or religion. Example: Depictions of The Good Shepherd were common to pagan and Jewish works of art. Christianity assimilated (or synthesized) the image, giving it a slightly different meaning. Longitudinal-plan basilicas: Model for congregational churches in the Roman Christian community. Pagan origins. (See p. 225 for intro and p. 226 for detailed description.) General Elements of Early Christian basilicas: Nave lit by clerestory windows, the nave is flanked by single side aisles, the nave is flanked by a rounded apse Elements of Old St. Peter's Basilica: Atrium, narthex, five doorways, nave, columns supporting an entablature (AKA nave colonnade), entablature windows bringing light into the nave, aisles, columns forming aisles with round archers, wooden rafters, transept (made the building appear to be T-shaped) Examples: Old St. Peter's (pp. 225-226), Santa Sabina (p. 227) Central plan Roman buildings with vertical (rather than longitudinal) axes: Models for Christian tombs, churches dedicated to or built over the tombs of martyrs, and baptisteries. (See p. 225 for intro and pp. 228-229 for detailed description.) General elements: Vertical axis from the center up through the dome as perhaps symbolic "vault of heaven" Elements of Santa Constanza: Tall rotunda with an encircling barrel-vaulted passageway called an ambulatory, paired columns with Composite capitals and richly molded entablature blocks supporting the arcade and dome, putti, grapes, peacocks, sheep Examples: Santa Constanza Cruciform: Of anything that is cross-shaped. Colonnade: A row of columns, supporting a straight lintel (as in a porch or a portico) or a series of arches (an arcade). Arcade: A series of arches, carried by columns or piers and supporting a common wall or lintel. In a blind arcade, the arches and supports are engaged and have a purely decorative function.
Fall 2022
Mausoleum: A monumental building used as a tomb. Named after the tomb of King Mausolos erected at Halikarnassos around 350 BC. Example: The Oratory of Galla Placidia in Ravenna came to be called the Mausoleum of Galla Placidia because she and her family were once believed to be buried there. Oratory: A small chapel. Example: The Oratory of Galla Placidia (although it is also regarded as a mausoleum; see above). (See also pp. 233-234) Pope: The bishop of Rome as head of the Roman Catholic Church. Peter: One of Jesus' disciples. The rock (in Greek, petros) on which Jesus founded the Church. The first pope.