-shade- inc:stem & leaf elongation, apical dominance, shoot:root ratio; dec: leaf mass per area, defenses -phytochromes transduce red & far red
-cavitation-large magnitude neg pressures force liquids into gas phase-leads to desiccation & cell death-breaks cohesion-water not carried in part of plant -high transpiration rate- low resistance due shade avoidance to stomata being open (& water pot grad -far red light/dark-Pr conformation will Iarge as it warmer during the day)// low cause PINS to mainly be on the sides of transpiration rate- high resistance due to cells in the plant stem-most Auxin will flow stomata closed to the sides & accumulate in stem-inc -Water must "leave" either through Auxin accumulation in stem will cause a transpiration or evaporation from leaf air higher cell elongation rate & inc stem space, stomatal pore, cell/mesophyll length apoplast, or cell wall fibers;reduction of -red light/bright-Pfr conformation-PINS radius of meniscus;adhesive properties of channels on the bottoms of cells in the water contributing to maintenance of stem causing Auxin flow down towards the meniscus depth via attraction to xylem wall; roots- lower elongation rate of the stem// cohesion allowing surface tension generated -Pfr absorbs far-red light-transforms at meniscus to be propagated through entire pigment to Pr, inhibiting JA defense water column, "pulling" water up pathway -Inc PHOT -> Inc H+ pump activity -> Inc H+ -inc. pH-dec. elongation, dec. expansin gradient -> Inc H+/CI- cotransport -> Inc activity, same solute potential in symplast- [Cl-] -> Dec solute potential in guard cells -> dec [H+]/more basic in apoplast, less role Inc in water potential gradient into guard for expansins, less gradient of [H+] into cells cell, less CI- influx -inc rate of water movement into xylem: dec -kinase blocker-dec elong, dec expansin, [ions] in cells, inc amt of water in cells, inc less neg solute potential- proton pumps [ions] in xylem, inc tension on water column not activated, transport of H+ from by inc transpiration symplast to apoplast declines -If water enters guard cells_their water -[auxin] in plant cell-in:auxin transport in potential must be lower than surrounding through AUXes(H+ pump activity); out: cells as water moves from high to low water auxin diffusion PIN([Auxin] gradient & # of potential PINs) -Blocking xylem dec water that can flow up -apoplast-high [Na+]-solute potential xylem to leaves, so leaf water isn't replaced low-harder to lower solute potential inside after transpiration, reducing water that can Ieaf cells enough to bring water in- dec cell exit leaves. (Fungus cause resistance to elongation & make leaves smaller movement-dec transpiration.) -large leaves in shade: shade = low -inc in [solute] in root cells->dec solute pot & hence water potential in root cells->
PINs move to sides of cells-> auxin maintenance of a favorable water pot accumulates in leaves gradient during drought -auxin enable expansins->enable -C3-carbon limited, cool wetter elongation-> more auxin, more elongation climates//C4-not carbon limited, hot drier -H2O-atm to xylem:water potential climates gradient between atm & internal leaf air -soil cation exchange-1) clay particles (neg space->water flux from air space to atm charge