atomosghore: ofj uw 6 31
b2qinning pul acl puLcapilay Vapilangs 160mm Hg 40 mm tg arteriy Veins
duedi 10,: 100
heart
cblood beglmiag,worting Hisus 2apillaWes : t08 mmig woreing h'ssue cels Indiny Wvonking He
40m
47.2 Entancing D:fusion Maximizis Ruspiraton Tas Exchang) C-DACP,-f,2:Increax SA of qas uckangs (A) R : Maximize parhal pressure difference driving difhurOn(P,-D) C : Minimize tfe difusion patt length()k Ninimize He diffusion Hat takes plau in an aquiow medium(manmize D) R Respiratory organs hawe largi sunfaxe acc ( [arg SA) Matimizing te specialized body surlau aro usid in gas srchange i3 ah anabmical adaplohon Water animals -gills - Aic animas : frackeai or Lungs
Chls : e many branchus o tolded extonsions
LaraeA
air hillechube)
(gas exchange 9urPare)
partial preasure gradienbs
Bicds use unidir chional venhlahion to marimize gas cxchanoy Air Temaining in the lungs and oloes not get amptiacl out atter axhaledion is caled ResidaI Volume (RV) Birds don'+ kawe residual air- (cash incoming air is nof mixed with stale air,2 Hiqh Po
Postenior sac Antenior Sac
2paCe in the bind's body
Intercomecte with tungs und cicspaces
trachea(wind pipe)
Postuior also ave connechon to seconcany
piostenior fo antenor end and are Paraliel lo one acottavy
air capillanies
gas_gxchange]
p p9oq au! asrJJ.p Parabronchi cemetaUnita b bronchi takas air out or lungs and into aunten'or sach and to tradua Diaehion of ar flow unidirechonally wi!
parabronchi- secondany bronchi- anterior Scac-frachen Sac expand, air is drawn in thn traclea. Lungs contracks ,air move Fom Luncgs to sac. Sacs contract postonor Gac punh ain to lungs (expandiny) Atr is bciny pushxd from antenior sac bo t