Written Assignment Unit 4: Neurotransmitters
University of the People
HS 2211 - Human Anatomy and Physiology
Shivanie Saith , Instructor.
Feb 23, 2022
Neurotransmitters
The chemical messages sent by the body are known as neurotransmitters. They are the chemicals
used by the nervous system to send messages between nerve cells or between nerve cells and
.muscles, nerves, and glands
Dopamine, for example, is a neurotransmitter that is important for memory, learning, behavior, and
movement coordination. Many people are aware that dopamine is the happiness hormone; the brain
releases it when we are happy, and dopamine is essential for muscle movements; its deficiency also
.leads to Parkinson's
Neurotransmitters transfer messages through a connection between two cells in the synapse, which is
. a small gap between synapses in neurons
The release of neurotransmitters converts the electrical signals carried along the axon into chemical
signals, triggering a specific reaction in the receptor neuron.
The excitatory neurotransmitters stimulate the receptor cells to perform an action, whereas the
inhibitory neurotransmitters reduce the likelihood of the receiving cells performing an activity, and
the modified neurotransmitters send messages to multiple neurons at once and coordinate with other
neurotransmitters. An additional neurotransmitter (OpenStax, 2018). Vectors are categorised
according to the substances they are constituted of, such as amino acids, bio amines, and cholinergic
systems, according to OpenStax(2018). The nervous system is divided into two parts: the central
nervous system, which includes the brain and spinal cord, and the peripheral nervous system, which
. includes all nervous system components outside of the brain and spinal cord
The central nervous system, which is made up of the brain and spinal cord, aids in the organization
of the system's activity and plays a key part in its control. According to Han(2017), the skull (cranial
cavity) protects the brain in the upper half of the brain, and the brainstem is positioned in the upper
section of the cerebellum. Starting at the back of the brain, the spinal cord runs down the center of
the spine. The meninges surround the cord, which is protected by a triple-layer membrane. The
cerebellum contributes to body balance and information organization, whereas the brain stem
conveys information from the nerves and governs bodily processes such as respiration, heartbeat.
body balance, and blood pressure.
The peripheral nervous system conducts and transmits impulses between the nervous system and the
rest of the body. It is made up of a number of nerves that originate in the brain and are known as
cranial nerves. There are many diseases that affect humans and affect the nervous system's
functioning and damage its cells, and a defect in the nervous system can cause blood flow to stop in
the brain, resulting in death or temporary or permanent paralysis, and disrupting the work of the
sensations such as hearing, sight, and speech. Headache, encephalitis, meningitis, sclerosis of the
central nervous, epilepsy, polio, and various mental ailments such as developmental disorders and
sluggish growth are among the most prevalent nervous system diseases.
Many neurotransmitters