1.A team which consists of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and the
Pennsylvania Department of Health conducted an outbreak investigation on how social
networks and demographics affect influenza transmission. The clinical criteria that the author
used were Investigate using labotorty confirmed cases, observation, contact surveys, mobility.
and land. -Utilize both data and time-Make use of data inclusion. Fever, cough, sore throat.
and runny nose were among the specific symptoms listed in the definition. The limitation
which affected the study were due to the lack of detailed data on transmissions outside the
household as well as appropriate statistical methods; the lack of relevant epidemiological
data; and using the syndrome definition will not help determine the accurate number of
infections. Additionally, the survey data are self-reported and this may result in inaccurate
information being provided to all affected, (Cauchemez "et al" ,2010).
2.According to the data provided by the team, the probability of child-to-child transmission
was estimated at 3.5% (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.8% to 5.6%). The probability of transmission between students of the same level but of different grades was approximately five times lower than between classmates, while the probability of transmission between
students of the same level and the same class was approximately five times higher than
among classmates. They also found that the transmission rate in the same grade but differen
classes was 1.8%, while that of the same grade and same class was 5.6%. This is because
school children in the same class and grade sat in the same room together, and this helped in
the spread of influenza in the home (Cauchemez "et a",2010).
3.The social networks that make up schools by class and grade have had a significant impact
on the infection rate. According to figures from 27th April to 7th May, 8 of the recorded cases
were boys, whereas 5 of the cases were girls. This means that by dividing the school into
grades and classes, more boys were involved in active contact with other boys. According to
the study, children were four times more likely to play with peers of the same gender than
4.According to the data, the number of cases increased significantly since May 7 because
the 4th grade had a registration rate of 54%, which was the highest. Since May 7, the
survey was dedicated to this subset of people and included information about seating
plans, activities, and social networks. The factors which contributed to the increased
transmission were school structuring, which included grades and classes; seating plans
and social networks; mix and same gender pattern as well as household or the family
(Cauchemez "et al",2010).
5.According to, Cauchemez "et al" (2010), to stop or slow down the transmission, a good
proxy for the proportion of effective contacts occurring between students in and out of
school would be required.
Reference: Simon Cauchemez "et al" (2010). Role of social networks in shaping disease transmission during community outbreak of 2009 H1N1 pandemic influenza. Retrieved: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3041067/pdf/pnas.201008895 .p