HS 2211 - Human Anatomy and Physiology Unit 2: Written Assignment Support and Movement: Bone Tissue and Skeletal System Date: June 28th, 2023 University of the people
Introduction A joint is the part of the body where two or more bones meet to allow movement. (Better Health Channel, 2012). the knee joint serves as a crucial hinge connecting the upper and lower legs, enabling us to walk, run, jump, and engage in countless activities. This writing focuses on the anatomy and physiology of the Knee Joint by bringing to fore an understanding of how it works to facilitate movement. Anatomy of the Knee Joint The knee joint is made up of various parts, including bones, cartilage, ligaments, tendons, synovial membrane and fluid, Bursae and muscles. The femur, tibia, and kneecap (patella) are the primary bones involved. It forms a very complicated and vital structure in the human body that allows for weight-bearing, mobility, and a broad range of movements. It connects the thigh bone (femur) to the shinbone (tibia), with the kneecap (patella) also playing an important role by protecting the vital components of that particular region. Understanding the complex interactions of the knee joint's numerous components requires a thorough understanding of its anatomical constituents and therefore the need to study it. (OpenStax, 2018) The femur: The femur is the longest bone found in the human body and is located in the thigh. It has two condyles that articulate with the tibia, the medial condyle on the inner side and the lateral condyle on the outside side. The tibia: The tibia, often known as the shinbone, is found underneath the femur. It is distinguished by two major prominences, the medial and lateral tibial plateaus, which articulate with the appropriate femoral condyles. Patella: The patella is a tiny triangular bone implanted in the quadriceps tendon at the front of the knee. It protects the joint while also increasing the mechanical advantage of the knee extensor muscles.
Cartilage: Articular cartilage, a smooth and slippery substance that covers the ends of the bones, lines the knee joint. It aids in the reduction of friction and the absorption of shock during movement. Some physiological terms related to the functional organization of the Knee Joint Synovial Membrane and Fluid: The knee joint is surrounded by a joint capsule, which is made up of an exterior fibrous layer and an inner synovial membrane. Synovial fluid is produced by the synovial membrane and fills the joint cavity. Synovial fluid lubricates the surfaces of the joints, decreasing friction during movement. It also feeds articular cartilage and includes synovial cells, which help with joint homeostasis and healing. (Bertone, 2008) Ligaments: Ligaments are tough bands of connective tissue that help to stabilize while supporting the knee joint. The following are the main ligaments in the knee: Ā· Medial Collateral Ligament (MCL): This ligament links the inner femur and tibia, providing support against pressures pulling the knee inward. Ā· Lateral Collateral Ligament (LCL): It joins the femur and fibula (lower leg