HS 2211 - Human Anatomy and Physiology Discussion Forum Unit 4 Endocrine System Article Review Using the external resources of PubMed (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/), identify a clinical disorder that represents a fundamental disturbance of the structural or functional integrity of the endocrine system. Introduce the clinical disorder to your readers, describe the impact on community health and demonstrate your understanding of the material presented in Chapters 17 by correctly defining and using at least 4 anatomic and/or physiologic terms related to the structural organization of endocrine system of humans as related to the clinical scenario you introduce to your readers. Your discussion must be at least 250 words in length, detailing your thoughts and position using 2 readings references for support. Also be sure to pose 1-2 well thought out questions from which your colleagues can formulate a response or generate further discussion. Be sure to cite any references using APA format.
According to OpenStax (2018), the endocrine system is one of the two major communication systems that maintains homeostasis in the human body, as endocrine organs secrete chemicals (hormones) as signals. As per Khosla et al. (2020), one of the disorders that is related to the endocrine system functioning is Osteoporosis, as bone cells become senescent with aging. Cellular senescence, as described by Hayflick (Khosla et al., 2020), is a case where cells fate with age as they stop multiplying but still may discrete chemicals that may affect proper functioning of the body. In this case, cells fail to communicate as they may die and tissues get damaged, or just stop its regular cycle. There are some danger signals such as high level of glucose and certain fatty acids, which indicates a possibility of having senescent cells. This is caused by a deficiency in the endocrine system. Another deficiency in parathyroid hormone-related protein accelerates aging in multiple tissues thus an increase in senescent cells. According to OpenStax (2018), the endocrine system is affected as the body ages. For example, osteoporosis is accompanied with low levels of estrogens and progesterone produced by the endocrine glands. In addition, the thyroid hormones produced by the thyroid gland decrease, which causes a decrease in the basal metabolic rate. On the other hand, and as the body ages, Parathyroid hormones (PTH), that regulates blood calcium
levels, increase because of reduced dietary calcium levels, and this increase if combined with a decreased level of calcitonin, can lead to osteoporosis, especially in women if estrogens decreased as well. Reference List: Khosla, S., Farr, J., Tchkonia, T. & Kirkland, J. (11 Mar 2020) The Role of Cellular Senescence in Ageing and Endocrine Disease. Pubmed. Retrieved from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32161396/ OpenStax (2018) Anatomy & physiology. Houston, TX: Rice University Retrieved from: https://my.uopeople.edu/pluginfile.php/1712207/mod_book/chapter/ 444262/anatomy-physiology%20chapters%2012-21.pdf