RMIT University ASSIGNMENT 3 Individual Report TABLE OF CONTENT INTRODUCTION 3 CRITICAL ANALYSIS 3 Identification of Key Stakeholders 3 Theoretical Background 6 a. Comparing Safety I and Safety II 6 b. Main debates 7 i. Safety I 7 ii. Safety II 8 iii. Balancing Safety I and Safety II 9 b. Real case from PVTrans 10 RECOMMENDATION 11 CONCLUSION 13 REFERENCE 13 1
RMIT University Vietnam INTRODUCTION This report purposely analyses different perspectives aimed at improving workplace safety. 'Safety-I' is a more designed and rule-based approach that aims to improve safety through planning in advance (Wahl et al. 2020). In contrast, 'Safety-II' focuses on increasing the capability of the organization and its people to safely adapt to emergent situations (Provan et al. 2019). Both are safety management approaches that can benefit a company, but each may not be best suited for certain kinds of business (Peñaloza et al. 2019). Moreover, the use of either approach will not be enough in light of complexity and variability present in the modern working environment (Wahl et al. 2020). In fact, there's no right or wrong answer, the desired safety performance usually requires a combination of the two. First, the report identifies key stakeholders and their interests. Second, there will be a theoretical background for examining the key concepts and different views towards safety management - safety I and safety II. Moreover, this report also explores the extent of Safety-I and Safety-II approaches are implemented in practice based on the real case of Petrovietnam Transportation Corporation (PVTrans). Subsequently, the conclusion and recommendation section reaffirm the main ideas outlined in the report and provide viable strategies on how to balance these approaches for improved workplace safety. CRITICAL ANALYSIS Identification of Key Stakeholders In an altering operational environment of work, concerted efforts of various actors are increasingly imperative to ensure workers' safety and health. Various actors with distinct interests (or 'stakes') in the operations within a workplace are called stakeholders (Auvinen 2017). Acknowledging that there are a wide variety of stakeholders as occupational health, safety and wellbeing is also a matter of public safety. However, due to space constraints, discussion of all stakeholders and their interests was not possible. Hence, the major stakeholders are identified and involved: Government, Employers, Trade unions and Employees due to their common to all sectors as well as their ability to directly monitor, control, and improve safety management 2
RMIT University Vietnam systems (Mausumi 2017). Varying roles in upgrading workers' safety and the interests of these key stakeholders are addressed in Figure 1. 3