Urban Entrepreneurialism pre-lecture video Post-war urban government Examples: · Read David Harvey's paper · WW2 destroyed parts of the world by bombs, fighting, lives lost, emotional damage so needed rebuilding · Urban planning important in rebuilding cities and making them bigger · Baby-boom, expanding population · New transport, electric trains to help people live in suburban areas and a lead to globalisation . Down to governments to build the city as this was the role of the state - government employed builders, architects, cleaners, water companies etc (democratic/public approach) · Urban managerialism was therefore down to the government · Washington DC • Brasilia o Urban planning around white house o Owl shaped paths to symbolise wisdom - conspiracy/coincidence? o Deliberately designed to look like a plane/bird o Residential zone, development zone etc with government strip down the middle o Designed by Oscar Niemeyer by scratch as government ordered construction of a capital city that was needed in the centre of the country o Built in 41 months (1000 days) o Modernist and experimental designs at the time, replicated around the world o Milton Keynes (UK), urban planners made a 'British Brasilia' 1970s/80s: · City governments began to debate their roles as to what provisions they should offer now they had built the city scape · Economic development and full employment became devolved . Role of the state after the post war period changed so as not so top down from the state but more ideas coming from privatising industries · Engaging with companies more on local growth policies · In US, began to enact policies that helped private companies whereas in Europe was a bit harder to take this capitalist approach but Thatcher introduced it · Back ground processes going on in 1970s/80s: o Deindustrialisation o Shift to post-Fordist production o Declining power of the nation state o Faith in the free market o Depression of local government budgets o Rise in oil prices in 1973 o Big Bang in 1986, Thatcher deregulated markets to make money quicker o Austerity role back of the state o Onset of neoliberalism Urban entrepreneurialism
· City becomes more corporate and more like a commodity, governed with markets in mind · Shift from urban government to urban governance · A network of institutions and communities with different actors and groups all involved so more ideas in the process of urbanisation Urban models · Distinct neo-liberal shift in urban governance processes - strategizing rather than planning · If strategies are successful they become models to other countries and can be sold around the world Barcelona example: · Strategies promoted cohesion and social growth . They redesigned the beach area and harbour to 'beautify' the city to attract tourists and business · Known as the 'Barcelona Model' due to its success and involvement of different companies - luxury cruise companies, charities, architects in order to redefine de- initialised port area · Bilbao effect where creation of a flagship cultural project will regenerate an area by attracting