The politics of post war Europe 1945-2000 Introductory lecture 1: The extent that the European map has changed The borders across Europe have changed over the last century 1939, 1945, 1989 and 2000 maps were different Yugoslavia is divided Serbia - Kosovo is marked but not named Poland and Lithuania there is are which is part of Russia - Kaliningrad enclave Crimea marked in grey - Russia's annexation What is Europe? Politics of pot war Europe and economic changes Viktor Orban - Hungary - he argues that his country is being threatened by Islam and migration Week 1: Geography and the concept of Europe Defining themes of post war period 1945-2000 What is Europe? Crimea is no longer part of Ukraine but it's not also part of Russia Border changes Yugoslavia doesn't exist and replaced with Slovenia, Bosnia, Croatia, Serbia, Macedonia and Montenegro Soviet union which changed to Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania and Belarus, Ukraine, Moldova which were park of Soviet Union Czech republic and Slovakia are two separate states and not Czechoslovakia Kaliningrad region is separated from Russia by Baltic states Europe is changing all the time and changing with respect to borders and people Consequences of WW2 - it had a big impact - 50 million killed - mainly soviet citizens Many countries effected - economically, culturally, diplomatically and financially Iberian dictatorship, Salazar regime and Spains Franco regime The border of Poland shifted to the west - lost the Cresi - border region - Vilnius was part of interwar Poland - Western Belarus and eastern Galicia which is part of Ukraine Lemberg (German) a city which was fought over many times was part of Austro Hungarian empire then independent Poland and now Ukraine Polish city of Wroclaw- it was the largest city In the German empire - Breslau Transylvania is part of Romania - Hungarian minority Northern Transylvania was used as a pawn between axis state in 1940 when Hitler awarded northern Transylvania to Hungary taking it out of Romanian control
South Tyrol - Alto Adige - part of Italy Eastern Europe: ethnic mix 20thC the people who live there didn't think of national terms but empire - Russian, German, Austro Hungarian Rise of nationalism and communism - sense of nation End of WW2: population transfer - ethnic cleansing - rearranging of people and states Hitler along with local allies: Marshall Antonucci in Romania and Admiral Hathi in Hungry - looked at ways to purify Europe Long standing nationalist aspiration - ethnically homogenous nation state Hitlers - third Reich Hungary - remove Jews and cleanse gypsies and Romanies Romania - deport Jews from northern Bukovina Croatia - mass murder campaign at Serbs and Jews and Romanies After WW2 - western allied completed hitlers work Minorities needed to be moved to their home nation state Expulsion of ethnic Germans from eastern Europe became refugees in western occupied zones Population transfer in Poland and Ukraine with new border Displaced people at the end of the war - non-Germans in Germany