February 17th The limits of the memory systems Sensory memory is the snapshot of the environment The information the moves to short term memory (30 seconds memory) The working memory moves the information to long term store where it remains for longer (minutes, or a lifetime .. ) We forget: with a forgetting curve that makes us forget over time The decay (forgotten because of time) and the interference theory (there are other memories that will compete with what you want to remember, proactive memory) Levels of processing theory: How you process something encoding the more likely that trace can b ... Encoding processes influence retrieval procecess There is shallow processing . Lean the information exactly as you are observing it at the moment (physical) · Poor retrieval (focus on surface details) Deep processing · Attaches value to the learning, makes connections to know things . This leads to better memory retrieval · Studying words by determining the meaning of the object (what would you use a tomato for? Thinking about the taste, the color .. ) . Great way to learn things like lists of words, faces and names (when you meet someone to stored semantic knowledge, like someone named Barry like strawberry) · The method of loci (mind palace) The encoding specificity theory · Memory retrieval is influenced by the context you are in (similar or different) · Can explain recency effect Internal contect: State-depended learning · (sober, drunk) · Studying images. . Two of the four groups ver tested in a matched state (tested drunk and sober, or mix and matched) · Groups that were drunk when learning remembered as many terms as sober people that learned while sober.
External conetext: the environment Environmental context can affect performance People learned the words on land and recalled on land People in the land and recalled them underwater And missed matched retrievals: People The memory was better when they were in the same environment where they learned Participants studied items in particular contexts Neural patterns are associated with distinct encoding context. If activated at retrieval, it is predictive of someone remembering. The pattern will indicate retrieval success. - Long term memory Both memories are separate in behaviour and in brain Implicit is unconscious Procedural · When you revocer or use well established procedural skills · No consciously thinking about what you are doing · Tacit knowledge hard to verbalize or describe · E.g: riding a bike, writing, walking home. . The striatum is important in the basal ganglia . The PFC is also important for retrieving and organizing those sequences · Linked to the idea of habits Habits initially rely in the explicit memory: · With enough exposure explicit memories become a habit. They move from being explicit to implicit. . There are different types of habit: . Motor actions · Thoughts and emotions · Obsessive compulsive disorder and addiction are associated with habits Forming and breaking habits Rats trained in T shaped maze Depends of the striatum
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