Immunology Assignment #1: 8 2 / 2 points In one or two sentences, explain why pattern recognition receptors important for innate immune responses. V PRRs allow cells to recognize the pathogen using PAMPS. This leads to activation of NF-KB, leading to a cacade of signals and activating the IIR and phagocytosis of the pathogen. Correct 30 words 30 max 9 Previous score 0.5 / 0.5 points Regrade score 0.5 / 0.5 points Write out the word(s); do not use abbreviations When bacteria enter a wound, they are initially recognized by tissue-resident cells called V macrophages ! This question has been regraded. 10 Previous score 0.5 / 0.5 points Regrade score 0.5 / 0.5 points Write out the word(s); do not use abbreviations V Cytokines released by tissue-resident cells act on the blood vessels to increase their "stickiness" and permeability.
Even though Kibbles is kept in a sterile environment, Kibbles dies after a few days. Kibbles did not die of an infection; Kibbles died of "radiation sickness", a condition that causes anemia because of the inability to produce more erythrocytes. Suppose, we wanted to repeat the experiment with Bits, but this time, we will try to rescue Bits and restore its blood and immune system. Bits will be moved to a regular cage with other mice after recovery from the procedure. If successful, Bits will have a restored blood/immune system and a healthy normal life span of about 2 years. What blood/immune cells would be restored in Bits' circulation if the following treatments were tried? A transfusion of whole bone marrow A transfusion of hematopoietic stem cells A transfusion of common myeloid progenitor cells A transfusion of common lymphoid progenitor cells V All lymphoid and myeloid types. V All lymphoid and myeloid types. All myeloid types but no lymphoid types. V All lymphoid types, but no myeloid types.
17 Previous score 0.5 / 0.5 points Regrade score 0.5 / 0.5 points Use an abbreviation here V PRRs on phagocytes bind to PAMPs on bacteria, which triggers the uptake and destruction of the bacterial pathogens? 18 4 / 4 points Name two primary organs of the immune system. In one or two sentences, summarize their function in the immune system. V The bone marrow and the thymus are where developing lymphocytes/HSC mature. All HSCs complete the process of differentiation and maturation in the bone marrow with the exception of T lymphocytes (originate from the bone marrow and mature in the thymus). Correct 41 words 50 max 15 Previous score 1 / 1 point Regrade score 1 / 1 point V Histamines released by V mast cells causes the dilation of blood vessels at the site of infection. 1. Where would you MOST likely find a Toll-like receptor (TLR) that recognizes the RNA genome of a virus particle? A. In the membrane of the endosome/lysosome B. In the mitochondrial membrane C. In the plasma membrane of the cell D. In the membrane of the endosome/lysosome E. In the endoplasmic reticulum membrane F. In