Sunday, May 2, y LECTURE 21 - Economic inequality Measurements 1. Income inequality - uneven distribution of income in a population 2. Wealth inequality - uneven distribution of assets in a population · includes: income, cars, property, business etc. Inequality predicts other factors - USA is highest in income inequality - also worse off in many measures (social, medical, educational) - Better income equality -> better child well-being according to UNICEF measures · a) child mortality b) child participation in education Inequality and authoritarianism - Authoritarianism is the level of obedience to authority figures - Leads to · greater support of military force · intolerance of minorities · more likely to condone illegal government activity - Greater income inequality -> greater power differential . more authoritarian cultures are more used to this and more likely to accept it as normal · Fatalism about situation - Leads to low political engagement from the poor - political inequality Socioeconomic status High SES Low SES - independent self-construals - interdependent self-construals - dispositional attributions - situational attributions - sense of personal control - empathy and helping behaviour - more unethical behaviour (cheating, pun- ishing) - decreased engagement and benefit from occupationalfieducational opportunities Bandwidth - members of low SES seem to make decisions which exacerbate their situations · impulsivity · have more children 1
Sunday, May 2, y · harmful health behaviours · poor financial decisions More present oriented -> make immediately beneficial decisions - Bandwidth describes how situation creates mindsets that lead to behaviour · impacts cognitive capacity and executive control · involuntary focus on financial situation impedes bandwidth -> worse decision making 2