PSYC 307 Lecture 15 Cultural Values -same problems are going to affect each cultural group -each problem has set of solutions -solutions can be used by any given culture -but any given culture will prioritize one solution over the other -each culture values different guiding principles for how we interact with physical and social environments value dimensions 1) Kluckholm and Stodtbeck's Value Dimensions i) "time" orientation -addresses problem of where in chronological time line on humanity do we focus on -past, present, future orientation a) past orientation people focus on traditional beliefs, practices e.g. ancestor worship b) present orientation people focus on here and now what's happening now not very commonly found, documented in cultural psychology
c) future orientation what's going to happen in the future e.g. American culture, campaign slogans ii) "nature" orientation what is humans place in universe? how are we meant to interact with our environment? what is humanity's place in the cosmos? solutions a) adopt subjugation to nature >experience of helplessness >believing that there is nothing we can do for the environment >homeless people b) harmony with >people are a part of nature >what impacts one will impact the other -mastery over nature >exert control over nature >every industrialized country >deforestation etc. iii) "human nature" orientation are we naturally good, evil or both? -asked by religious groups 2
a) good orientation -humans embody purest form of energy -Korean Confucianism -with lack of meditation people become bad b) sinful humans -people arrive in the world as sinners -ceremony of baptism to wash away sins c) mixed orientation -we are born with capacity to be both good or evil iv) "relational" orientation -nature of social relationships a) collateral relationships -needs of group outweigh needs of individuals -needs of group-priority -group is flat b) lineal relationships -hierarchy -succession of power c) individualistic relationships -people make decisions by themselves -fulfill one's own goals 3