February 7th, 2023 Health Behaviours and Health Promotion Health Promotion and Maintenance Graphic Health promotion and maintenance Health promotion defined Why health behaviours are important Health behaviour- change theories and models Cognitive- behavioural approaches Other methods for changing health behaviours What is health promotion? . the idea that good health, or wellness, is a personal and collective achievement . In 1986 the World Health Organization defined health promotion as: "the process of enabling people to increase control over, and to improve, their health" Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion (1986) For the individual, health promotion involves developing a program of good health habits early in life. For the psychologist, health promotion involves the development of interventions. For policymakers, health promotion involves an emphasis on good health, the availability of information to help people develop and maintain healthy lifestyles and ensuring the availability of resources. Different from disease prevention which views health as simply the absence of disease. In recent decades, many health promotion initiatives have been successfully launched. Understanding health-promoting behaviours and finding effective approaches to improving health behaviours is the goal. SPIRITUAL o SOCIAL 22 PHYSICAL EMOTIONAL INTELLECTUAL What are health behaviours? . Health behaviours are behaviours used to enhance and maintain health. . A health habit is a behaviour that is firmly established and usually performed without awareness. . Primary prevention involves taking measures to combat risk factors for illness before it has a chance to develop.
o Behaviour change o Prevent development of poor health habits Role of Behavioural Factors in Disease and Disorder Patterns of disease have changed substantially Today, fewer people die of acute infectious diseases. At the same time, "preventable" disorders (e.g., cancer, heart disease, substance abuse) have increased. TABLE 3.1 Risk Factors for the Leading Causes of Death in Canada Disease Risk Factors Heart High blood pressure (hypertension), high blood cholesterol, diabetes, disease being overweight, excessive alcohol consumption, physical inactivity, smoking, stress Cancer Smoking, unhealthy diet, physical inactivity, excessive alcohol consumption, excessive exposure to UV light, environmental factors Stroke High blood pressure (hypertension), high blood cholesterol, heart disease (atrial fibrillation), diabetes, being overweight, excessive alcohol consumption, physical inactivity, smoking, stress Accidental Not buckling up; driving while intoxicated; being unaware of injuries surroundings; not wearing appropriate safety gear; not learning more about how to prevent falls, poisoning, fires, and motor vehicle collisions Chronic Smoking and second-hand smoke, environmental factors (air pollution, lung aerosol sprays, toxic fumes such as chemicals, solvents, and paints), disease physical inactivity Role of Behavioural Factors in Disease and Disorder Successful modification of health behaviours can: · reduce deaths due to lifestyle-related illnesses · delay time of death, increasing longevity · expand years of life free from chronic disease complications · decrease health expenditures required What factors influence the practice of health behaviours? · Socio-Economic Factors · Age · Gender · Valuse . Personal control · Social influence
· Personal Goals · Perceived Symptoms . Access to Health Care Services · Place · Supportive Environments · Cognitive Factors Barriers to Modifying Poor