October 23rd 2018 Soci 217 Constructing Variables Review -> Midterm · Ratio variables o Numerical o Ranked o Continuous o True zero o Mathematical inference o Mutually exclusive o Jointly exhaustive · How satisfied are you on a scale of 0-10 ? o Attributes . 0, 1, 2, 3,4,5 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 . IV -> accent or no accent · DV-> hired or not hired Quantitative Data Analysis Introduction · Quantitative Analysis: Numerical representation and manipulation of observations for the purpose of describing and explaining the phenomenon that those observations reflect o examination of several variables simultaneously . Most social science analysis falls within the general rubric of multivariate analysis, which entails the examination of several variables simultaneously . The analysis of the simultaneous association among age, education, and prejudice is an example of multivariate analysis · Multivariate Analysis: is a general term for the analysis of several variables; it does not refer to a specific form of analysis Quantitative Data Analysis . Quantification: converting data or a numerical format . This allows data to be recorded on a computer or some other device for storing info that can be read by a computer for analysis · Quantitative analysis definition: numerical representation and manipulation of observations for the purpose of describe and explaining the phenomena that those observations reflect What is Quantitative Analysis? . Proposition Testing in Quantitative Research o 1. Operationalization - abstract concepts are translated into variables that act as indicators . Ex. An abstract concept like "intelligence" gets translated into a variable like "intelligence quotient -IQ" o 2. Instrumentation- the variables are translated into instruments . Ex. IQ then gets translated into a tool like the "Stanford-Binet Intelligence Test"
October 23rd 2018 Soci 217 o 3. Measurement - Instruments are then applied to measure properties of concrete objects . Ex. Then the intelligence test is applied to subjects and you get scores · Data set A collection of quantitative measurements where the numbers are organized by variables and cases Quantifying Data · Data analysis almost always is conducted using computer software programs · Coding or assigning numbers to information is key. For example: o Gender (1=M, 2=F) Country of origin (1=country one, 2= country two, 3= country three etc.) Religious affiliation (1= Roman Catholic, 2 Protestant, 3= Muslim etc. ) As long as you keep record of what the records mean . In these examples, the numbers do not signify degree of importance. For example, the gender variable could have been coded (1=F, 2=M) . Often coding schemes are already established (Stats can, for example, has the National Occupational Classification for Stats) . The coding scheme you choose should be appropriate to the theoretical concepts being examined in your study . Code categories should be both exhaustive and mutually exclusive, like the set of attributes making up a variable, and like the response categories in a closed- ended questionnaire item · Data Set o Everything is numbers in the data set o . Two basic