Research Designs for Special Circumstances Program Evaluation An Appraisal process that contribute to decisions on installing, continuing, expanding, certifying or modifying social program, depending on their effectiveness. Program Evaluation Questions, Five question seek to answer: 1. Evaluation of Need: Are the problem that need to be addressed in a target population? 2. Program Theory: How will the problem be address, Will the proposed program actually address the needs appropriately? 3. Process Evaluation: Is the program addressing the needs appropriately? Is it being implemented appropriately? 4. Outcome Evaluation: Are the intended outcome of the program being realized? 5. Efficiency Assessment: Is the cost of the program worth the outcome? Quasi-Experimental Research: An experimental design in which assignment of participants to an experimental group or to a control group cannot be made at random for either practical or ethical reasons. 1. No random assignment. 2. We cannot assign kids to a family Assignment of participants to conditions is usually based on self-selection or selection by an administrator. Such designs introduce a set of assumptions or threats to internal validity that must be acknowledged by the researcher when interpreting study findings. Non-Equivalent Control Design 1. One group posttest only 2. One group pretest-posttest 3. Non-equivalent control group posttest only 4. Non-equivalent control group pretest-posttest Multiple Repeated Measure 1. Interrupted time series 2. Control series Case Studies One Group Design: Is a quasi-experimental design in which only a single set of participants is exposed to a treatment or intervention. The lack of control group in this type of research design makes it difficult to attribute gains in the posttest score to the intervention, as other elements may have contributed to any change observed. May or may not include a pretest. Participants>>>Pretest>>>Intervention>>>Post-test
As we cannot isolate the outcome. Non-Equivalent Control Group Designs: A quasi-experimental design in which the groups of participants in the different conditions are not equivalent, and there is no pretest. Participants are different. We are not putting people into experimental or control group. Individua's different characteristic cannot belong to either condition. May or may not include a pretest. 1. As we cannot give cancer to people, they are not randomized. Participants>>>Pretest>>>Intervention>>>Post-test Participants>>>Pretest>>>Control>>>Post-test Interrupted Tome & Control Series Designs: A quasi-experimental design in which the effects of an intervention are evaluated by comparing outcome measures obtained at several time intervals before and several time intervals after the intervention was introduced. 1. Change driving laws in Jan.31. reduced the speed, and we can look at the traffic crush over time. (Before the intervention, the law. And after the intervention) Control Series Design: An extension of the interrupted time series quasi-experimental design in which there is a comparison or control group. 1. An extension, that we add another control condition. 2. Comparison the current moment to the past. 3. We are going to have the intervention group to have the law, only in Vancouver. In Alberta, we are not going to have the intervention group. Case Studies: An in-depth investigation of a single individual, family,