(1) Science basics (2) Scientific thinking and Research articles Ch 1: Principles of Sciences LO LEC 1. Compare / contrast several different ways of acquiring knowledge 1. Authority: trusting those of higher power (who + when?) 2. Intuition: gut feeling (bias) 3. Scientific method: Skepticism + empiricism 2. Describe the cycle of science CYCLE OF SCIENCE Refine Idea / Theory T 1 Interpret data Design a test Collect data 3. Practice developing research ideas and design tests of those ideas 4. Categorize research according to four goals of psychological research and according to basic vs. applied status · 4 goals (DPFE) " Description - information " Prediction - guessing the outcome " Finding cause - evidence and answers Explaination - reasoning (through data / findings) . Mediator variables (ex) . Basic To advance theoretical knowledge . Come up with psychological theories . Applied " Application of psychological principles and findings into to address real-world issues " Find answers using psychological theories LO TB (Pg. 38) 1. Explain reasons why understanding research methods is important. · Informed consumer · Informed engaged citizen
· Competitive edge · Evaluate programs 2. Describe the scientific approach to learning about behaviour and contrast it with pseudoscience. . Pseudo science: claims that seem scientifically but not fact or data based 3. Define and give examples of the four goals of scientific research in psychology · Description - Prediction · Finding cause · Explaination 4. Compare and contrast basic and applied research · Basic : focused on testing theories · Applied: address practical problems in real life world Other notes: · Principles of science o Universalism - agreement on data or method o Communality - shared and or openness o Disinterestedness - always quest for the truth o Skepticism- criticism from experts (3) Theories, Hypotheses ad predictions Ch.2 Theories and hypotheses LO LEC 1. Compare and contrast ideas, theories, hypotheses and predictions · Ideas: unorganized thoughts · Theory: organized principles, states how it operates " Description of many different variables " From theories- hypothesis is made · Hypothesis: statement of relationship between 2 things (generalized) · Predictions: assertions about what will occur in the study (specific) + way one would measure and how study will fall through " Study specific " Hypothesis is made and certain predictions are made to back up the hypothesis 2. Describe research article structure 3. Locate and evaluate research articles for relevance and credibility 4. Develop example research hypotheses + predictions
LO TB (Pg. 65) 1. Describe different sources of ideas for research, including questioning common assumptions, observations of the world, practical problems, scientific theories, and past research. 2. LO2 Identify the two functions of a theory. 3. LO3 Summarize what information is included in each section of a research article, including the abstract, introduction, method, results, discussion, and references. 4. LO4 Compare and contrast different ways to find past research. 5. LO5 Discuss how theories, research hypotheses, and predictions are related. Other notes: · Types of predictions o Non-directional (two tailed