PSYC312 - HISTORY OF PSYCHOLOGY Chapter 5 Notes - Early Schools of American Psychology Intro - American schools of psychology began in a house called Down House - June 18, 1858: Darwin received a manuscript from young naturalist, Alfred Russel Wallace > described a theory almost identical to Darwin's. - "On the Origin of Species," " Located in a small village about 25 miles south of London, England. " Down House was owned by Charles Darwin > had been working on his theory of species change by natural selection for almost 20 years (only known to a small circle of friends) · Worried Darwin, had not published his ideas yet and feared Wallace's manuscript would prevent him " Darwin's friends encouraged him to present Wallace's paper and his paper together at a scientific meeting " Historians recognize both men as independently developing a theory of natural selection as the mechanism for species change > Darwin received more credit for the work. · Darwin's book published in 1859 · Significant impact on many fields of science, including pharmacology, genetics, biochemistry, forensics, anatomy, botany, anthropology, and psychology. · Evolution today is considered a fact " Darwin's theory of natural selection remains the most widely accepted mechanism by which it occurs. - Darwin's ideas influenced James, Hall, and Cattell -> contributed to formation of functionalism psychology American philosopher Chauncey Wright was among the earliest American converts to Darwin's theory - " Had a great influence on James, who, in turn, influenced Hall, Jastrow, and others. Early North American Laboratories The Spread of Experimental Psychology in America - G. Stanley Hall established the first laboratory in 1883 -> led to the spread of experimental psychology in America. - Establishment of laboratories was an expensive investment due to the cost of research and teaching apparatus. - By 1900, there were over 40 psychology labs in the United States and Canada, with five established by women - 1880s, six other laboratories were established: two at Nebraska and Pennsylvania by Wundt's students, and three at Clark, Indiana, and Wisconsin by Hall's students - 1890s, Hall's students established labs at Iowa, Texas, and Bryn Mawr. " Wundt's students opened labs at Columbia, Catholic, Cornell, Harvard, Yale, Minnesota, Stanford, and California. - There were also labs established by students of students, the academic grandchildren of Wundt and Hall. Pure Science vs. Application in Experimental Psychology - At the beginning of experimental psychology, there was a debate over "pure" science vs. application . Common issue in the histories of all sciences. - "Pure" science: refers to research done without any practical benefits - Applied research: research designed to have practical applications. - This distinction creates a hierarchy where "pure" researchers are viewed as superior to applied researchers . Applied research is sometimes seen as tainted. - This issue was one of the important issues in the structuralist-functionalists debates in American psychology, and it will be raised again in subsequent chapters when discussing professional psychology. Wundt's Psychology vs. Hall's Psychology -