Share PSYO 321 Document Style birth and physical development 82/82 v PDF Upload Tag . infertility and reproductive technology 1 · about 10-16% of Canadian couples experience infertility · infertility -> the inability to conceive after 12 months of regular intercourse without contraception · in Canada, an increasing number of couples seek help for infertility every year . what is the most common technique for these couples? · the most common technique is in-vitro fertilization (IVF) in which eggs and sperm are combined in the laboratory & one or more fertilized eggs is transferred to the woman's uterus · one result is an increase in multiple births . what does the success rates of IVF look like according to a woman's age? V
50 Pregnancy rate Live birth rate 40 30 Percent 20 10 0 <21 26 30 34 38 Woman's age 42 46 · adoption v · adoption is the social and legal process by which a parent-child relationship is established between persons unrelated at birth · how do adopted children fare? v · those adopted very early are more likely to have positive outcomes than those adopted later in life · despite risks associated with early deprivation, the majority adjust effectively . surrogacy V · surrogacy is a practice of arranged pregnancy or third-party reproduction, in which a female bears a child for an individual or couple · a surrogate can be a gestational carrier or a genetic carrier · gestational carrier -> someone who carries already fertilized embryos
· genetic carrier -> someone who supplies her own ova/ovum for fertilization · surrogacy has gained popularity as a method of conception and childbearing for same-sex couples . the physical process of birth · stage 1 \ · dilation => the opening of the cervix so it is large enough (about 10 cm) for the baby to pass through · stage 2 v · when cervix dilated, the actual delivery of the baby · stage 3 v . the afterbirth is the delivery of the placenta and other material from the uterus · diversity of childbirth practices v · childbirth practices vary across cultures · natural childbirth > giving birth using no medicines at all, instead using techniques such as relaxation and controlled breathing for pain · prepared birth -> being not only in good physical condition to help provide a healthy environment for the baby to develop, but also helping individuals to prepare to accept their new roles as parents · assisted childbirth -> is when forceps or a ventouse suction cup are used to help deliver the baby · cesarean (C-section) > surgical delivery of baby when birth complications arise · doula -> individuals trained to assist women in terms of emotional and physical comfort during labour and delivery . negative outcomes at birth v . infant mortality