CHBE 241 (Material and Energy Balances) Formula Sheet for Chapter 02 Significant figures: The digits from the first nonzero digit on the left to either · The last digit (zero or nonzero) on the right, if there is a decimal point, or · The last nonzero digit of the number, if there is no decimal point Dimensional Homogeneity: Terms on both sides of an equation must have the same dimensions. Units must also be identical for the equation to be valid. Linear Interpolation and Extrapolation: X - X1 y-y1 _ y2 - y1 X2 - X1 Page 1 of 2
CHBE 241 (Material and Energy Balances) Formula Sheet for Chapter 02 FACTORS FOR UNIT CONVERSIONS Quantity Equivalent Values Mass 1 kg = 1000 g = 0.001 metric ton (tonne) = 2.20462 lbm = 35.27392 oz 1lbm = 16 oz = 5 x 10-4 ton = 453.593 g = 0.453953 kg Volume Density 1 g/cm3 = 1 kg/L = 1000 kg/m3 = 62.43 Ibm/ft3 = density of liquid water at 4? (for reference specific gravities) Force 1 N = 1 kg·m/s2 = 105 dynes = 105 g·cm/s2 = 0.22481 lbf 1 lbf = 32.174 lbm·ft/s2 = 4.4482 N = 4.4482 x 105 dynes Pressure 1 atm = 1.01325 x 105 N/m2 (Pa) = 101.325 kPa = 1.01325 bar = 1.01325 x106 dynes/cm2 = 14.696 Ibr/in2 (psi) = 760 mmHg at 0? (torr) = 10.333 m H2O(I) at 4? = 29.921 inches Hg at 0°C = 406.8 inches H2O(I) at 4? Energy, Heat, Work Power 1 W = 1 J/s = 1 N·m/s = 0.23901 cal/s = 0.7376 ft-Ibf/s = 9.486 x 10-4 Btu/s = 1.341 x 10-3 hp Temperature, and T (K) = T (°C) + 273.15 T (R) = T (°F) + 459.67 ?? T (R) = 1.8 T (°K) T (ºF) = 1.8 T (C) + 32 1.8 AT (°F) = 1.8 AT (R) = 1 AT (?) = 1 AT (K) Viscosity 1 N.s/m2 = 1000 cP (dynamic) 1 m2/s = 10,000 St (kinematic) 1 m = 100 cm = 1000mm = 106 microns (um) = 1010 Angstroms (Å) = 39.37 in = 3.2808ft = 1.0936 yd = 0.0006214 mile 1ft = 12 in = 1/3 yd = 0.3048 m = 30.48 cm Length 1 m3 = 1000 L = 106 cm3 = 106 mL = 35.3145 ft3 = 219.97 imperial gallons = 264.17 gal = 1056.68 qt 1 ft3 = 1728 in3 = 7.4805 gal = 29.922 qt = 0.028317 m3 = 28.317 L 1 J = 1 N·m = 107 ergs = 107 dyne·cm = 1 kg·m2/s2 = 2.778 x 10-7 kW·h = 0.23901 cal = 0.23901 x 10-3 kcal (food calorie) = 0.7376 ft·lbf = 9.486 x 10-4 Btu Source: R.M Felder, R.W. Rousseau, and L.G. Bullard, "Elementary Principles of Chemical Processes", 4th Edition, Wiley (2016) Page 2 of 2