LECTURE: WEEK: 3 PULMONARY VASCULAR DISEASES PULMONARY HYPERTENSION CAUSES: CLASSIFICATION: Persistent elevation of blood pressure in the pulmonary blood vessels Blood Flow is impaired therefore restricted bloodFlow Blue lips and skin (cyanosis) Chest pressure or pain Dizziness or Fainting spells (synscope) Fast pulse or pounding heartbeat (palpitations) Fatigue Shortness of breath ( dyspnoea) Initially while exercising Eventually while at rest swelling ( oedema ) in the ankles, legs and eventually the belly area (abdomen) COPD/Thromboembolism/LHF Vasoconstriction Pulmonary blood vessels remodelling In situ thrombosis Increased pressure is in left heart chamber Genetics Causes of pulitemary hypertension Densagen Bearing A B Congested PULMONARY EMBOLISM CLASSIFICATION: CAUSES: Obstruction of pulmonary blood vessels due to emboli Detachment of a thrombus Travel up through the bloodstream into the lungs blocking bloodFlow Common signs and symptoms Shortness of breath ( dyspnoea) Cough Chest pain other the signs and symptoms Rapid or irregular heartbeat Lightheadedness or dizziness Excessive sweating Fever Leg pain or swelling or both, usually in the calf caused by deep vein thrombosis Clammy or discoloured skin (cyanosis) CONSEQUENCES Most cases is clinically silent Can sometimes lead to pulmonary hypertension If the embolus is large enough it can block the blood supply to lungs saddle embolus Instant death Damage Lung Heart Damage Embolism