JOINT LECTURE: WEEK: 2 DISORDERS OSTEOARTHRITIS CLASSIFICATION: Most common type of arthritis The 5th leading cause of disease (non-fatal burden) Degeneration of articular cartilage (hyaline) Disordered repair Primary osteoarthritis (95%) older individuals Secondary osteoarthritis (5%) Younger age groups OSTEOARTHRITIS Bony spu Subchondral sclerosis Osteophyte No ankylosis Thinned and fibrillated cartilage Subchondral cyst Figure 1: Features of osteoarthritis arthritis MANAGEMENT: There is still no satisfactory means of preventing primary osteoarthritis There are no effective methods of halting its progression Therapy includes: Management of pain Non-steroidal anti- inflammatory drugs ( NSAIDs ) to reduce information Figure 1: Commonly affected joints in Osteoarthritis (Adapted from Saalfeld et al., 2021) CAUSES: Biochemical changes Mechanical stresses over time the stress that has been placed on the joint Inflammation worsens it Primary osteoarthritis usually presents in patients that are 50 years and older COMPLICATIONS: Development of osteophytes (bony lumps/spurs that grow around the joints or spine) osteophytes can impede on spinal nerves Effects usually the cervical and lumbar regions Muscle spasm Muscle atrophy Neurologic defects CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS: Joint pain that worsens with use Morning stiffness Crackling or greeting sound caused by bones rubbing against each other ( crepitus ) Reduced range of movement Asymmetrical joint involvement Can be involved in the: Hips Knees Lower lumbar and cervical vertebrae Proximal and distal interphalangeal joint of the Fingers First carpometacarpal joints Activity modification Intra-articular corticosteroids For severe cases , arthroplasty First tarsometatarsal joints With time joint deformity can occur but joint Fusion does not take place