WEEK: DISEASES OF THE PLEURA LECTURE: 3 PNEUMOTHORAX CIOS SODiCODiOll: Precense of air in the pleural space instead of serous Fluid Associated with secondary lung collapse Sudden chest pain shortness of breath PATHOGEN?S?S Air can exit from the lungs into the plural space and that can affect the intrpleural & atmospheric pressures until there is no difference Can affect the main chemical properties of the lungs and lead to significant reductions in lung compliance, vital capacity, total lung capacity, and Functional residual capacity CAUSES: Spontaneous Primary Occurs in young patients without Apparent lung disease Secondary occurs in patients with underlying disease COPD Traumatic Latrogenic MIIAGIDENI Evacuation From the plural space by simple aspiration PLEURAL EFFUSION COOS SODiCODiOll: COOSEI: Buildup of plural Fluid in the plural space Increased vascular hydrostatic pressure - heart Failure Coughing Dyspnoea sharp chest pain Forintel pleura doura Lung Pleural space Reduced vascular oncotic pressure - hypoalbuminemia MIDAGIDENI a pleura: space EFFused Fluid can be A Luna R Increased microvascular permeability - information Figure 1. (A) Lung with normal olocal seembrane. (B) Fluid buildup in pleural space - piearal ofusini Transudate Due to heart Failure - build up of Fluid without protein Exudate Due to inflammation - increased permeability of the blood vessel allowing proteins to leave the bloodstream CIOS SODiCOliOLI: COOSEI: Impaired lymphatic drainage - neoplasm Increased negative pressure within the plural space - atelectasis ATELECTASIS Lung collapse Loss of lung volume caused by inadequate expansion of the alveoli The same classifications as pneumothorax and plural effusion MIIAGIIENI Chest physiotherapy surgery Inadequate expansion of the lungs Pneumothorax Plural effusion Fluid Filling into alveoli space Breathing treatments --