WEEK: 1 LECTURE: BLOOD VESSEL/HEART DISORDERS VARICOSE VEINS Dilated, convoluted superficial veins caused by: A Normal vein B Varicose vein Chronic Venous hypertension Weakened vessel wall Affects mainly lower limbs Valve Normal blood fow RISK FACTORS Gender Obesity Genetic Factors Females at a higher risk to men CONSEQUENCES Disrupted venous value Function leading to: Deformed valve Abnormal blood flow Dilated vein Skin bulging Thin wall of vein Stasis which causes Venous pressure causing: Oedema Lower limb ulceration due to oedema and poor wound healing Congestion Pain Thrombosis ISCHAEMIC HEART DISEASE (HD) Also known as coronary artery disease (CAD) or coronary heart disease (CHD) Currently the leading cause of disease burden in Australia CAUSES Myocardial ischemia Reduced perfusion Vasoconstriction Thrombosis Coronary atherosclerosis (90% +) Chronic inflammation When there is less than 70% occlusion CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS It may present as one or more of the Following: Chronic IHD with congestive heart Failure (CHF) Angina pectoris Myocardial infarction (MI) Sudden cardiac death (SCD) Acute coronary syndrome applies when IHD manifests with (unstable) angina, MI or SCP ANGINA Intermittent chest pain caused by short periods of myocardial ischemia When the ischemia lasts less than 15-20 minutes IF ischemia lasts more than 20-30 minutes it will lead to MI MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION (MI) VS ANGINA