LECTURE: WEEK: 2 METABOLIC BONE DISORDERS OSTEOPENIA CLASSIFICATION Decreased bone mass Compact or spongey bone Increased absorption of bone tissue Compact (cortical bone) More spaces in bone tissue Spongy (trabecular bone) CLASSIFICATION NORMAL OSTEOPENIA OSTEOPOROSIS SEVERE OSTEOPOROSIS Chovricht & 2068 b Mosbe, Inc. an affiliate of Einevier inc OSTEOPOROSIS CAUSES Osteopenia that is severe enough to significantly increase the risk of Fracture Normal bone that has decreased in quantity Easy Fractures that would not normally occur Falls Can be classified as: Postmenopausal (hormonal) Senile (aging) CONSEQUENCES Pathological Fractures: Pain Location Vertebral - thoracic & lumbar Hormone-driven Decreased serum oestrogen and testosterone Increased osteoclast activity (breakdown bone tissue ) Aging Reduced production of bone Forming cells Decreased activity of osteoblasts Decrease synthesis of osteoid Reduced calcium intake (vit D) Smoking of tobacco Alcohol consumption Less physical activity/ prolonged in mobility Gene defects Q Height loss Lordosis & kyphoscoliosis Femoral neck Pelvis CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS Pulmonary embolism Pneumonia <10 Back pain caused by Fractured or collapsed vertebrae ?10-20 220-30 230-50 Loss of height over time >50 A stooped posture A bone that breaks much more easily than expected MANAGEMENT Low risk - treatment will Focus on modifying risk Factors For bone loss and Fall High-risk - medications may be prescribed to improve bone density A bone density test will be conducted to determine risk