WEEK: LECTURE: 7 NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS THE BRAIN . An enclosed system due to the skull · Limited room For swelling to move · Increase in volume = increase in pressure 4 Intracranial pressure (ICP) " A rapid increase can lead to herniation 4 Any damage to brain stem can lead instantaneous death Compression of the opposite cerebral peduncle against the unyielding tenforium Herniation of cingulate gyrus under falx cerebri Herniation of temporal lobe into tentorial notch Downward displacement of brain stem through tentorial notch . To prevent increase the pressure the brain will reduce CSF, blood, brain tissue as compensation For the increased volume. This is not long term SOL - SPACE OCCUPYING LESSION Anything that causes an increase in pressure inside the brain Tumour, oedema Fluid Increased volume of intracranial content or an abnormal accumulation of Fluid and cerebral tissue Increased cerebral spinal Fluid due to hydrocephalus Focal lesion (accumulation of blood) Abscess, tumour, haematoma HYDROCEPHALUS Infants born with hydrocephalus have a enlarged head as the skull hasn't Fused Only effective up to a certain point IF no intervention, it will start to affect the brain tissue If hydrocephalus develop slowly an adult, ventricles expand and atrophy of brain tissue will occur lateral ventricles foramen of Monro third ventricle aqueduct of Sylvius fourth ventricle central canal subarachnoid space 3 cisterna magna HERNIATION