WEEK: LECTURE: 3 RESPIRATORY INFECTIONS PNEUMONIA CLASSIFICATIONS: An infection of the lower respiratory tract with intra-alveolar exudate Fluids Fills a space where gas should be Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) Patients who have not recently been in hospital including nursing homes Hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP) Also called nosocomial pneumonia Pneumonia occurring in a healthcare setting Also known as ventilation associated pneumonia (VAP) May account For 30% of aged care deaths Symptoms Fever Dyspnoea Chills Tachycardia Tachypnea Plural effusion (20-40% of cases) Cough with purulent sputum production RISK FACTORS: Poor cough reflex Stroke, Parkinsons, coma, paralysis Decreased mucociliary clearance Asthma, smoking, viruses, intubation, bedridden Decrease macrophage activity Alcohol, smoke Impaired immune response Severe underlining disease Immunocompromised/ immunodeficient HIV Aspergillus Fungus CAUSES: Inflammation due to infection with various microbes such as bacteria viruses and Fungi CAP The aspiration of infected oropharyngeal secretions ( bacteria ) One person to another Inhalations of pathogens that have viruses , bacteria, Fungal agents into the lower respiratory tract HAP Ventilators increase risk MANAGEMENT: Pneumonia and treated can lead to repair via resolution Treatment depends on the type of infection with antibiotics being the most common medication