WEEK: LECTURE: 4 DIGESTIVE ACCESSORY ORGAN DISEASES HEPATIC ENCEPHALOPATHY Damage to brain tissue due to something happening in the liver Chronic liver disease can lead to liver Failure causing hepatic encephalopathy (altered cerebral Function) Blood bypasses deliver through collateral blood vessels Ammonia is not converted Uris For excretion Ammonia accumulates in blood and alters neural Function Results in impaired cerebrum Function Can progress to coma and death Complication Weight loss Malabsorption, nausea, loss of appetite Bleeding tendency Reduced clotting factors production and vit K absorption Spider nevi, palmar erythema, gynecomastia, testicular atrophy Fatal bacterial infections Immunocompromised Hepatopulmonary syndrome Unknown aetiology Renal failure due to decreased GFR Hepatorenal syndrome Hepatocellular carcinoma Cirrhosis Cause Decreased oestrogen metabolism BILIARY TRACT DISEASE - CHOLELITHIASIS CAUSES: CLASSIFICATION: Biliary tract consists of bile ducts and gallbladder Can be acute or chronic disease MANAGEMENT: surgery Cystic duct Hepatic duct Gallbladder Common bile duct Pancreatic duct Duodenum Cholelithiasis (gallstones) Associated with cholecystitis Inflammation of gall bladder, cystic duct Gallstones of cholesterol and bile pigment Risk Factors include age, oral contraceptives, pregnancy & obesity ALL I