LECTURE: DIABETES MELLITUS WEEK: 4 TYPES OF DIABETES MELLITUS ABSENCE OF INSULIN TYPE 1 DIABETES CLASSIFICATION: Typically presents in childhood (ages 4-7 years; 10-14 years Onset of symptoms usually acute CAUSES: Viral infections Genetic Factors Immune mediated destruction of b cells (autoantibodies against islet cells are present in 70-80% of cases Inadequate insulin production by B cells RESISTANCE TO INSULIN TYPE 2 DIABETES CLASSIFICATION: Mainly an adult 35 years and older Prevalent in those with obesity CAUSES: Decreased sensitivity of peripheral tissues to insulin (insulin resistance) Insulin secretion may eventually decrease Onset is usually gradual Genetic Factors - Family history Lifestyle Factors overweight/obesity Physical inactivity Metabolic syndrome (abdominal obesity, hypertension, hypoglycaemia, dyslipidemia) Poor diet Smoking Prediabetes BLOOD GLUCOSE LEVELS Plasma glucose (mmol/L) (Fasting) <6.1 Normal Impaired fasting glucose (IFG)* Impaired glucose tolerance (IGT)" Diabetes mellitus (DM) * Pre - diabetes Plasma glucose (mmol/L) (2 hours after glucose ingestion ) < 7.8 6.1-6.9 < 7.8 < 7.0 7.8 - 11 27 >11.1 Hyperglycemia - + glucose levels in blood Hypoglycaemia -+ glucose levels in blood