WEEK : LECTURE: 4 OESOPHAGUS AND STOMACH DISORDERS NEOPLASTIC POLYRS Colonic adenomas are the most common and clinically important neoplastic polyps Most adenomas do not progressed to adenocarcinomas Are present in nearly 50% of adults living in the western world over the age of 50 Modern western diet implicated COLORECTAL CANCER (BOWEL CANCER) CLASSIFICATIONS: One of the top 10 leading causes a Fatal burden in Australia TNM (tumour-node-metastasis) classification Depth of invasion The presence of lymph node metastases Distant metastases Iron deficiency anaemia Fatigue weakness occult bleeding Changes and bowel habits A B --- ...... Stage 0 Stage Stage II Stage III CAUSES: Genetics - mutations Epigenetics - lifestyle Factors MANAGEMENT: Surgery For early stage and late stage colorectal cancer Chemotherapy (after or in place of surgery) Radiation therapy (if surgery is not an option) Targeted drug therapy (advanced cancer ) c Lymph Blood nodo vessel Normal Serosa Muscle layors Submucosa -:: -Mucosa Stage IV