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The Impact of Emotional States on Short-Term Memory in Young Adults

Previous studies have found that emotional factors can significantly affect long- and short- term memory and have suggested further investigation into how different types of emotion affect human memory. This experiment focuses explicitly on how happiness and sadness affect short-term memory. This study aimed to investigate the effects of two different emotional states (sad and happy) on young adults' short-term memory using a 30-card memory game. Our experiment was an experimental study; we targeted participants aged 18-21, which we took from Shinobi on the island of Providence. We experimented on a sample size of 54 participants, which contained 27 females and 27 males aged 18-21. These participants were found using the Shinobi town hall's birth records, with the conditions that we placed upon them being that they were between the ages of 18-21 and had not moved outside of Shinobi after birth. We randomly allocated participants to one of three groups on the condition that each group housed an equal number of males and females. The study contained two explanatory variables and one response variable. The first explanatory variable for our research was the placement of participants into groups; these groups determined which memories they would be exposed to during the experiment. Our second explanatory variable was the gender of the participants (Male or Female). The response variable we measured was the Change in time taken (in minutes) to complete the 30-card memory game. We first asked participants to undertake a 30-card memory game to act as a baseline test to determine each participant's speed before emotional manipulation. We then asked members of the sad and happy groupings to relive 1 minute of sad or happy memories, respectively. At this point, the control grouping did nothing. The groups were then asked to retake the test; this occurred 2 minutes after exposure to prior memories for the sad and happy groupings and 3 minutes after their first memory test for the control group. The control group was asked to take the test 3 minutes after their first test despite not having experienced any memories because we wanted to maintain an equal amount of time between the first and second tests for each grouping. The null hypothesis for the study was" Emotional status will have no impact on the time taken to complete the memory test." The alternate hypothesis was, "Emotional status will significantly impact the time taken to complete the memory test." This experiment utilised a two-way ANOVA test to analyse the data gathered. This two-way ANOVA test looked at the mean Change in time taken to complete the test for each grouping depending on the gender of the participants. This ANOVA test was used to allow us to determine if there was statistically significant data to be found within the experiment, as well as to either prove or disprove the null hypothesis. We assumed that 2 minutes between exposure to memories and the subsequent test is a short enough time for participants to be appropriately affected by the memories. We