STATS
Module 1 Variability (ERROR) -> Due to: = > Natural => Error > Measurement. -> Hence need to replicate experiments . Variability (GROUP) > Difference between groups in species =>eg aug. forearm length in males is greater than females" Variability (SAMPLING) L> Augs can difer across samples. TYPES of DATA. Quantitative => Continuous =>Discrete. Categorical > Nominal (arbitrary categories) => Ordinal (cats which don't have an order) e . g. age, (low, medium , high )
Comparative Experiments Results > susceptible to being affected by hidden factors. Null Hypothesis (HO)- OR (HYPOTHESIS TESTING). > Probability of obtaining unusual data. . L> Randomly shuffle results ,. · then take the difference in aug- of both groups. · Do this multiple times + see how often you get an "anomalous" difference. e.g. more than 3.2 difference between aug. is anomalous . · the percentage of "anomalous" differences is the p-value. C. > p-value range. strong. moderate weak inconclusive 0 0-01 0.05 0.1 1 LH, or "alternative hypothesis" is what we wanna show . Consider: Think about the population that the sample might represent. Sample mart rep. population.