COMU 2140 - Digital Media Industries Platformisation - Platform: a technical system supporting information technologies, whether based upon hardware or software - The definitions of a platform could be differ based on different content - As (re-)programmable digital infrastructures that facilitate and shape personalised interactions among end-users and complementors, organised through the systematic collection, algorithmic processing, monetisation, and circulation of data - Could be affordances / firm or brand / business model / channel of communication - Technical Affordances: are functions (comes from design disciplines) - web design, the elements of graphics, build into the interface and guide us what to do - Every algorithm is a single format - Actually, the structure of the way you use your devices - Social Affordances: a generated section, skills, perceptions, and preferences amongst people - Semantic - shaped by the social conventions of digital communication. These include shared language codes (e.g., SMS abbreviations), visual codes (e.g., emoticons), idiom (e.g., humour) and conventions of commenting and sharing. - Literal - shaped by the varying possession of language skills and technical skills, whether derived from formal literacy (e.g., education) or from organic literacies (e.g., peer learning). Varying degrees and types of literacy lead to different affordances amongst users. - Commercial - shaped by the business models of commercial applications, by the product conventions and tastes of the market and by the relative economic means and consumer behaviours of different users. - Platforms as firms - a new sort of firm provide the infrastructure to mediate between different user groups, by displaying monopoly tendencies - Extracting data/information from users sell or utilize to third parties - Lean platform: lean the offers Srnicek's Platform Typology: - Advertising platforms: extract and analyse user information - Cloud platforms: own the hardware and software and rent them out (e.g., Amazon Web Services) - Industrial platforms: build the hardware and software to transform traditional manufacturing (e.g., Microsoft) - Product platforms: generate revenue by turning a traditional good into a service and by collecting rent (e.g., Spotify) - Lean platforms: reduce their assets to minimum and profit by reducing costs (e.g., Uber)