Thursday Oct 21 st Week 6.2 Categories and Structures Application (Review) Analyzing Phrases Head - it's a word, obligatory, nucleus center of the phrase, determines category of phrase and core meaning of phrase. Identify the category of phrases To identify the category of a phrase, we need to pay attention to a) Its meaning b) Its head - determines the category and core meaning of phrase Ex- A mountain What does it describe? What category? A noun phrase Head = mountain = noun How can you tell mountain is a noun? In a noun phrase there has to be a noun beside the determiner, and the determiner is A Ex- On the table Phrase = prepositional phrase, because its describing the location Preposition = on, taking an Noun phrase compliment The table = noun phrase Head/noun = table, table is a noun because it occurs following a determiner Ex- Often open the windows What does it describe - verb phrase because its describing the activity or state that the sentence is about Verb phrase Head = open, verb Often = specifier, advP The windows = noun phrase, complement Sentences - Overview
- The sentence is identified as the Tense Phrase (TP) - Subjects occur in the specifier of TP - An abstract tense feature occurs in tense (T), which is the head of TP - The VP is the compliment of T Alice sneezed would contain a tense past TP because it's a tense past If a sentence has the tp is must contain a verb bc its explaining past tense Tense TP must contain a tense morpheme that matches the tense feature in T Alice had left = auxiliary verbs occur in Tense, the past tense feature in T is matched by the form of auxiliar verb (had) Form of left is the same in past and participial from. Past tense of go is went, the participle form is gone. Some verbs have different forms that look like past tense forms. A sentence only contains one tense verb. The auxiliary is the past tense If it was Alice left then it would be left NP only contains one word so you can use triangle abbreviations for every phrase that has 1 word Sentences - Detailed Analysis Include the specific tense feature in T. Include the specific tense of the tense auxiliary / verb Alice is running Tense feature is -past , because its not past but its present. Assume there are two tense features +past and -past, there is no future or present. Alice Ran = verb is run , which occurs in past tense ran, feature +past in T Both cases, have tense feature in T, it is required Application Analyzing Sentences OP 2 N Alice has left the room Start with Identifying Constituents - Identify the sentence (TP) - Identify the subject (NP) - Identity the auxiliary in T, if any - Identity the predicate (V) - Identity the object (NP) if any - Identify the predicate