LING 100 Week 9.1 Nov 9, 2021 Week 9 - Move The computational system - review - Focusing on part of lexicon, lexicon feeds into computational system Merging one by 1 in accordance w grammar rules X' theory (deep structures) - After we built sentences and phrases - move (structure changing operation) - Movement relations - we get to spell out and surface structures emerging - Merge is a structure building operation, combines words in conditions of phrases Move - A structure changing operation. Moves constituents in accordance with general principles of grammar. - Moved the tense auxiliary in the head of CP - Movement leaves a space behind Yes - no Questions - These questions are characterized by a diff word order - Statement - max has left. Yes-no - has max left? - The word order arises because of a structure changing operation called move. - Aux verb has moves, leaving behind it a coindexed traces "t" - Coindexed trace: when an element moves, it leaves behind a trace (inaudible copy of itself). We indicate this by conidiation. The moved element and its trace are marked with the same subscripted letter, usually I or k. The question feature +Q - +Q must be spelled out by an audible element - This requirement is met by a question complementizer in C. Matrix Questions - In languages that have a dedicated question element, this element spells out the question feature in C - Yoruba has a question particle sé. This particle spells out the question feature +Q in C Matrix Q - English - In languages that do not have a dedicated question particle, attracts the tensed aux or verb. - English : does not have a dedicated question particle. Instead, the tensed auxiliary moves to C, to spell out the question feature. - In English, only auxiliary verbs can move. Lexical verbs cannot move. - From T into C because why direct yes or no have movement of tense aux
- In English, if there is no aux verb, a dummy aux do merges into T, and then moves to C. - If we want to change statement into yes or no Q, we merge and merge dummy aux that moves. It provides +Q feature. Summary - Is john leaving? +Q feature marks the clause for question but requires element. - The tensed aux moves to C, where it spells out the Q feature. - The moved aux leaves behind a coindexed trace 'ti'. - Marking trace w referential index that is tensed aux has Indirect Yes-no Questions; English - +Q marks the CP complement as a question - The Q complementizers if marks spell out the question feature +Q - Can only be there in complementizers Application - methods Analyzing direct yes no questions Ex - Have you seen max? - 1. Identify sentence - 2. Predicate = seen (V) - 3. Subject = you (NP) - 4. Complement (object) = max (NP) - tt. Aux in C+Q