Week 6 - Introduction to Syntax Thursday, October 11, 2018 2:25 PM - First look at syntax begins with lexical category - Sometimes inflections are not morphological, instead syntactic when the word is moc - Morphology and syntax have a close relationship - Lexical category identification can often be done syntactically, as well as morphologic - Syntactic clues about lexical category reinforce each other Non-lexical categories or functional categories: the glue that holds syntax together - Modals: might, may, should. Goes before verbs. Only one modal per sentence. - Auxilaries: have, is. Goes before verbs, but after modals. - Determiners: a, the, possessives, this, that. Goes before nouns. - Numerals: one, two, three. Before nouns. - Negations: not, n't. After modals. - Conjunctions: and, or, but. Functional categories do not point to a specific thing in the world. Rather the meaning is fur Sentences - Has a predicate and its arguments. Can stand on its own as an utterance, and fully cor - An utterance that expresses a complete thought in the sense of a proposition. Is true Arguments - Subject: first noun phrase in the sentence in English. If a verb only has one argument, - (Direct) object: come immediately after the predicate. If a verb has 2 arguments, it ha - Indirect object: sometimes expressed in prepositional phrases but don't have to be. If has all three. Predicate - Typically a verb or an adjective. - Can have 1, 2 or 3 arguments. Valency/transitivity - Whether a verb takes one, two, or three arguments - 1 = 1 intransitive - 2 = transitive - 3 = ditransitive
- Typically a verb or an adjective. - Can have 1, 2 or 3 arguments. Valency/transitivity - Whether a verb takes one, two, or three arguments - 1 = 1 intransitive - 2 = transitive - 3 = ditransitive Types of sentences - Declarative (declaration) - Imperative (command) - Interrogative (questions