Week 3 - Derivation and Compounding Tuesday, September 18, 2018 3:54 PM Derivation - A process that changes word meaning and or category 2 modes of derivation - Morphological derivation: a derivational morpheme changes word meaning and/or ca - Zero derivation: syntactic use changes word category. For example, secret is an adject with a determiner to derive a noun. Table is a noun, but can be derived as a verb. This phenomenon. English does it a lot. Inflection - The use of an inflectional morpheme(affix) to mark a grammatical feature and/or a gr marks past tense on verbs. - s marks plural number on nouns. More on Derivation - Derivation commonly involves affixation. Ex -er combined with a verb to create a nou - Other examples: - ize combines with nouns and adjective to create causative verbs (m verbs and adjectives to for reversive words in the same category. - See table 4.6 in textbook for a longer list of English derivational affixes. - Derivational affixes don't combine willy nilly, they are selective in what category of w They do not attach to bases of all types. - Selectional restrictions: affixes are restricted with regard to the category of the bases are said to select for a particular category or set of categories. Complex derivations - There can be more than one layer of affixation. This happens in complex derivations. ive(adj) -ate(V) -ion(noun) - When we analyze complex derivations, it is necessary to pay careful attention to sele unhappiness. - ness attaches to unhappy, not un- to happiness, because un- has the se working on nouns. Idiosyncratic restraints: these have non-practical reasons for being. - Historical origin: the suffix -ant (from Latin) can only combine with bases of Latin orig don't know the origin of the bases, and learn which bases combine with -ant on a cas Blocking - In some cases derivation may be blocked because the language already has a simple v meaning. Ex steal-er vs thief
Idiosyncratic restraints: these have non-practical reasons for being. - Historical origin: the suffix -ant (from Latin) can only combine with bases of Latin origin. Ex combat-ant. Speakers don't know the origin of the bases, and learn which bases combine with -ant on a case by case basis. Blocking - In some cases derivation may be blocked because the language already has a simple word with the intended meaning. Ex steal-er vs thief - Blocking is rarely absolute Phonological constraints - Some derivational affixes can only attach to bases with particular phonological properties - Ex, -en can only attach to monosyllabic bases that end in a consonant other than /l,r,m,n/. Whit-en, soft-en vs abstract-en, blue-en. Derivational affixes fall into 2 classes: Class 1 affixes - Can change the phonological shape of the base it is attached to. Ex -ize with critic changes criticize c from /k/ to /s/. - Are always closer to the base than Class 2 affixes. Ex Devis-ive-ness (ive=class1, ness=class2) - Can also shift the syllabic stress Class