. fuels (both chemical and food) required for resynthesis of ATP at rest and during physical activity, including the relative contribution of fuels at varying exercise intensities ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate) The chemical compourid that provides energy for muscular effort. Fuel sources Theory summary The energy required to resynthesise ATP comes from the breakdown of the following fuels: Chemical Fuel Creatine Phosphate . Chemical fuel containing a high-energy phosphate bond for the rapid release of energy. . Limited storage of CP within the muscle Food Fuels Carbohydrates . Sugars and starches - bread, pasta, fruit, vegetables. . The body's preferred source of fuel under exercise conditions Fats Protein . Fats are a concentrated fuel source in dairy products, oils, nuts, meat. · Preferred fuel source at rest, and during prolonged submaximal exercise. . Protein is found in meat, fish, eggs, legumes and grains. · Used for muscle growth and repair. · Minimal contribution to energy production during exercise. Food Fuel Recommended Daily Intake (%) Food Fuel following Digestion Storage Carbohydrate 55-60 Glucose Glycogen - muscles and liver Fats (Triglycerides) 25- 30 Free fatty acids Adipose tissue at various sites Protein 10- 15 Amino acids As muscle at various sites . characteristics of the three energy systems (ATP-CP, anaerobic glycolysis, aerobic system) for physical activity, including rate of ATP production, the yield of each energy system, fatigue/limiting factors and recovery rates associated with active and passive recoveries Rate (Speed) Fastest Rate 3.6 moles/min Yield (amount) 0.7 ATP 1.4 ATP Intensity High intensity Duration 8-10 seconds Fuel source Metabolic by- Inorganic phosphate and ADP products Sporting Examples ATP-PC Anaerobic Glycolysis Fast rate 1.6 moles/min High intensity 10-45 seconds Creatine phosphate Glycogen (glucose) I Glycogen (carbs) Triglyceride (fats) Amino Acids (protein) Lactic acid Golf Swing Sprinting Aerobic 1.0 moles/min 46-38 ATP Sub-maximal intensities 60 seconds Carbon dioxide/ water Marathon running Overview - Fatigue mechanisms Theory summary Fatigue is caused by many factors that contribute to the reduction in performance. In this presentation we will focus on some major fatigue mechanisms different athletes co experience. When applying this knowledge it is important to link a likely cause of fatigue w an associated energy system. Predominant energy system Associated fatigue factors ATP-CP System & Accumulation of metabolic by-products (ADP and Pi) Fuel Depletion (CP) Anaerobic glycolysis Accumulation of metabolic by-products (H+ ions) Aerobic system Fuel Depletion (Glycogen) Central nervous system fatigue Thermoregulatory Fatigue Dehydration 14. Describe in detail the interplay of energy systems used by a 1500m runner during competition.
Teacher's tip Recovery strategies need to be matched with the most likely cause of fatigue. Recovery strategies Passive recovery Link to fatigue factor: Fuel Depletion (CP) ATP- RECOVERY STARGIES Explanation: Our muscle's fuel creatine phosphate is rapidly restored when recovery involves total passive r The rate of CP restoration is displayed below: Recovery time Percentage creatine phosphate restoration 30 seconds 70% 60 seconds 75% 90 seconds 93% 120 seconds 95% 150 seconds 97% 180 seconds 98% 10 minutes 100% Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FWJOqfk-H_s Blood vessels aiming hines 11