ALL KEY TERMS FROM UNITS 3 AND 4 - HEALTH AND HUMAN DEVELOPMENT Acidification: decrease in the pH levels of the ocean that occurs when carbon dioxide in the atmosphere reacts with the seawater Acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS): the most advanced stages of HIV infection Adolescent/ce: a stage of the lifespan that commences at puberty and ends when a person turns 20 years of age. It is a biological marker that signals the transition to adulthood and is included as part of youth. Aid: assistance given to countries or communities in the event of a crisis or for the development of long-term sustainable improvements Allied health services: health services provided by trained health professionals who are not doctors, dentists or nurses. Examples include services provided by physiotherapists, psychologists and occupational therapists. Anaemia: a condition characterised by a reduced ability of the body to deliver enough oxygen to the cells due to a lack of healthy red blood cells Antenatal: relates to the medical care given to pregnant women before their babies are born Antenatal care: healthcare provided to women during pregnancy and just after birth Antioxidants: compounds in foods that neutralise free radicals Aquifer: an underground layer of rock, sediment or soil that contains water Asphyxia: interrupted breathing leading to low levels of oxygen in the body, unconsciousness and often death Assistive technology: a device, system or design, that allows an individual to perform a task that they would otherwise be unable to do, or increase the ease and safety with which a task can be performed Asylum seeker: a person seeking international protection and whose refugee status is yet to be determined Atherosclerosis: the build-up of plaque on blood vessel walls, making it harder for
blood to get through Bilateral aid: the provision of aid from the government of one country to the government of another country Biodiversity: the variety of different plants, animals and micro-organisms, their genes and the ecosystems of which they are a part Biological factors: factors relating to the body that impact on health and wellbeing, such as genetics, body weight, blood pressure, cholesterol levels, birth weight Biomedical approach to health: focuses on the physical or biological aspects of disease and illness. It is a medical model practised by doctors and health professionals and is associated with the diagnosis, treatment and cure of disease. Birth asphyxia: a condition in which a baby's brain and other organs do not get enough oxygen before, during or immediately after birth. It can cause temporary or permanent damage. Body mass index (BMI): a statistical measure of body mass calculated by dividing weight (in kilograms) by height (in m2). A score of 18.6-24.9 is considered a healthy weight. Between 25-29.9 is considered overweight and 30 and over is considered obese. Boycott: refusing to buy or use the goods or services of a certain company or country as a protest Bubonic plague: an infectious disease that is caused by bacteria transmitted to humans by fleas from infected rats Bulk billing: