Mitosis & Meiosis PART I Directions: Answer the following questions in complete sentences on your own sheet of paper. 1. How are mitosis and meiosis similar? -Mitosis and meiosis are similar because they both produce daughter cells. They also go through the same phases. 2. How are mitosis and meiosis different? -Mitosis and meiosis are different because meiosis produces 4 haploid cells and it goes though two sets of cell division phases. 3. What is the process by which the nucleus and duplicated chromosomes of a cell divide and are evenly distributed, forming two daughter nuclei? -This process is called cytokinesis, which occurs after telophase. 4. What is the process in which haploid gametes are formed in diploid organisms? -The process in which haploid gametes are formed in diploid organisms is fertilization. 5. Explain the role of meiosis in generating genetic variation in sexually reproducing populations. - Meiosis generates genetic variation in sexually reproducing populations because it makes 4 different haploid cells aiding in genetic variation. 6. When does crossing over occur in meiosis? Why is crossing over significant? -Crossing over occurs in prophase 1, it is significant because it allows for recombination within the sister chromatids, leading to genetic variation. 7. Asexually reproducing organisms produce offspring that are genetically identical to each other and to the parents. What type of cell division are the offspring a product of? -The type of cell division used for asexual reproduction is mitosis. 8. How many chromosomes does the fertilized egg (zygote) of a human contain? -The fertilized egg of a human contains 46 chromosomes. 9. Explain how the chromosomes in a cell at metaphase of mitosis are similar to and different from the chromosomes in a cell at metaphase of meiosis II? -Both the chromosomes in metaphase of mitosis and meiosis 2 are made up of two sister chromatids and are aligned at the equator/ metaphase plate of the cell. They are different because of the genetic material being varied in meiosis 2, due to the crossing over. 10. Is it possible to tell what type of cell division has just taken place by observing the chromosome number (2n or n) of the resulting cells? Explain. -It is possible to tell what type of cell division has taken placed based on the chromosome number in meiosis 1 due to the homologous chromosomes being paired up. While in Meiosis 2, it has the same number of chromosomes as in meiosis 1, while the only difference is in the color swap when they cross over. PART II Directions: Read each statement. Then, write the phase of mitosis or meiosis in which the action occurs. If the action occurs in both mitosis and meiosis, then write both processes and phases. The first one has been done for you. 1. Meiosis-Metaphase I 2 Meiosis-Anaphase 1, mitosis-anaphase 3. Meiosis -anaphase 2 4. meiosis- telophase2 ticytokinesis 5. meiosis- interphase 1 ti mitosis- interphase 6. meiosis- metaphase 1 ti mitosis- metaphase 7. meiosis- prophase 1/2 ti mitosis- prophase homologous