WORKING WITH CULTURAL DIFFERENCES 1. OVERVIEW The White Australia policy is well-known with a series of legal requirements, official regulations, and lists of provisions relating to immigration to Australia (Louis et al., 2012). Initially, this government policy was intended to limit immigration to Australia massively and uncontrollably, with an exception for those from Europe in a category that the Australian government approves. Obviously, this policy advocates a completely biased preference for whites, contributing to the goal of having only Australians and other whites of the race. The White Australia policy consists of the main aspects and agenda as the following: Firstly, racial exclusion is mandatory, thus not allowing non-European immigration to Australia with the targets of development of economy and society. Secondly, labor protection indicated that people of non-European origin would come to Australia despite low wages and benefits, leading to poorer Australia. Besides, cultural assimilation required to worship the British-European culture, and encourage everyone to do the same. Other, nation-building serves to strengthen the national identity, and aims to be a member state in the commonwealth (Austin & Fozdar, 2018). While, social cohesion demonstrates a high degree of ethnicity and homogeneity, and is largely free of political and ethnic conflicts. Finally, legal mechanisms include a wide range of legal provisions to see how educated immigrants are, by testing their dictation in multiple languages. 2. MAIN TEXT The White Australia Policy that comprehensively advocates for Australian culture as part of, and a continuation of, further development within the British-European cultural community, especially the great treasure trove of whites-only legacies. According to the policy, national identity is defined and conforms to the norms of British culture (Kofman, 2005); in other words, excluding people of Australian ancestry, only Britons or Europeans have a similar national identity to Australians, with the full cultural values, ethnic characteristics, and ideology that they worship (Tavan, 2006). People in this category are considered a homogeneous group and have the highest degree of social cohesion. Many of the policies included in the main policy emphasized European culture, European thought, English language, and
politics. In addition, it ranks highest for values that include hard work, Britishism, Protestantism, and individualism. This is known as Australia's national identity, and immigration to Australia by a non-European would pose a threat and is considered a serious concern. For policy makers, the concept of Australians refers to people of European descent, especially British. People who were born and grown in Australia itself, also do not fall within this definition, let alone other immigrants of non- European origin, in other words not of white origin. These can include the fears, intentions, or cultural arguments that policy makers have enacted, all with clear goals in mind. Framers argue that racial purity is unique, where advocates dread the thought of being mixed with ethnicity and national identity, therefore it would be impossible for marriage between people of two different races, in other words non-white people who marry white people will be called racial contamination (Seet & Paradies,