1. Summarise the legal issues of violence and implied and express consent for combat sports like Boxing and Mixed Martial Arts (you are encouraged to use the lifting on the ban on Cage Fighting in Victoria as examples). The legal issues surrounding violence in combat sports and the implied and expressed consent remains to be a challenging topic that has many layers to it. Throughout the last decade there has been a great amount of resources put in to amending the rules and regulations of combat sporting organizations. As defined by the Australian government, a combat sport includes sports and activities which participants engage in kicks, hits, strikes, throws and punches at another person (Sport and Recreation, 2018). There would need to be a form of risk waiver being signed by all competitors to ensure that the participant accepted all 'volenti non fit injuria', signing away rights to sue if injury occurs to a willing person (Masel SC & Costaras 2015, pp. 3). Signing a consent waiver will give the participant an understanding of the risks involved in participating in the activity and allow for them to take full responsibility of the potential risks involved, ensuring that the sporting organization is not eligible for civil liabilities. A detailed consent waiver should be in place to avoid legal liabilities, as can be illustrated through the Thaiger's extensive waiver form that illustrates the extent of the risks involved in training Muay Thai (Thaiger, 2018). Lifting the ban of cage fighting in victoria may also raise legal issues surrounding the legality of certain fights. As established in the Professional Boxing and Combat Sports Act 1985 (Vic) and soon to be the Controlled Sports Bill (2019), any events involving a combat sport must be registered through the state governments. Without doing so may result in fines. However by lifting the bans of cage fighting in Victoria, it ensures that organizations are putting in place safety procedures as some argue that the use of cages allow for a greater safety of competitors (Green 2015). Another legal issue that may occur is the negligence of medical practitioners who do not stop the fight when contestants are presenting symptoms of concussion and other medical implications. As shown through the death of fighter David Browne 'Dynamite Davey', medical practitioners working the event did not stop the fight after the fighter was presenting symptoms of a concussion after taking an extreme blow to the head (Spicer, Hall & Ford 2017). The fight continued and after being taken to hospital, the fighter later passed away with the coroner's investigation concluding that the death could have been prevented providing the doctor had ceased the fight. This can open cases for negligence, as the duty of care of medical professionals present at these events is to assess the medical state of fighters ensuring they are fit to continue and without signs of concussion in this case (Thorpe 2017, pp. 553). 2. From a legal perspective, how has agency and the restraint of