HRM60016 - BEHAVIOUR IN ORGANISATION Week 3 Managerial views of work and Management Rationality
The Development of work: · Industrial Revolution 1780 - 1830: o Pre-industrial work o Factory-based work · Taylorism and Fordism · Post Fordism o Elton Mayo (1849 - 1949) o Mary Parker Follett (1868 - 1933) Classical thinking about Management: · A belief of a single way of managing that would have universal efficacy · A system of expertise which is technically proficient, politically, neutral and morally bengin · A set of principles whose applications will ensure smooth operations for any organisations · Management Gurus o Chester Bernard (1938): Superior Authority the functions of the executives o Henry Fayol (1949): Principles of Management o Rosemary Stewart (1977 and 1988): at that time all managers were men, how effectively their time was spent was it like the belief held by Fayol? · Classified managers into 5 groups: · The emissaries · The writers · The discussers · The trouble-shooters . The committee men o Mintzberg (in late 1960's): Three major managerial roles: " Interpersonal · Informational · Decision Making o Drucker (1989): posted that manager should put economic business performance first to justify their existence and authority, make productive use of all resources and finally manage workers and work. Chester Barnard - The Function of the Executive: · Concerned to show how the executive function is of the crucial importance in maintaining a cooperative system · Task of management
· To develop an effective fit between purpose of organisation and its environment To create an efficient adjustment between organisational structure and people " Design of tasks o Highlights how important it is to establish and preserve the fiction of superior authority Rosemary Steward (1977 and 1988): · Stewart researched the question of what do managers do? · She asked 160 middle and senior managers to keep a specially designed diary for four weeks · Stewart was particularly interested in studying the similarities and differences between managers job for a functional end o To show the ways in which the selection and training of managers could be improved . Information on such differences that could influence both the content of the course and the decisions on who should attend them . She also wanted to classify the manager's job based on difference and to discover the ways in which managers may use their time inefficiently Stewart Found: . That the managers worked on average of 43 to 44 hours a week . They spent on average 75% of their time in their own organisations · Time spent outside the organisation varied considerably from manager to manager · Discussion was the dominant activity of nearly all the managers occupying half the time of the managers · On average they spent about third of their time alone although this varied widely from job to job · The traditional Fayol description of a manager who plans, organises, coordinates and controls are not the reality as she witnessed Are classical theories of