The Nation and the State - What is Sovereignty o The highest governmental authority in a territorial state (the Sovereign) . The power to enforce rules of conduct · Power to make law " Control of executive functions o Independence from external control o Parliamentary Sovereignty . The Supreme authority of Parliament to make laws · Blackstone . Absolute monarchy defeated in the Glorious Revolution of 1688 - predates Magna Carter . Had the power to do whatever they please " "Parliament can do anything except make a man into a woman" - AV Dicey o Popular Sovereignty " Supreme authority resides in the people and cannot be delegated · Rousseau . People should make laws themselves via direct democracy American Declaration of Independence "Government's derive their power from the consent of the governed" o How the 3 interact " Personal -> Queen is the sovereign " Parliamentary -> legal sovereign (to make laws) " Popular > elects' members of the House of Representatives - What is the Nation o Nation is an identity shared by a large number of people based on, but no reducible to, objective factors such as common race, language, religion, customs and government Single or Multiple Nations " "nation-state" is a astute with a single, predominate national identity . Iceland, Sweden, Poland . Bination or multinational state o Civic v Ethnic Nation · Civic national > identity that depends primarily on acceptance of political order · Ethnic > identity depends on objective factors such as language, or religion - What is the State o Combination of people, territory and sovereignty o A state exists when a sovereign power (i.e. parliament) rules over a population residing within the boundaries of a fixed territory o Citizenship Membership of the state · 2 methods of natural citizenship · 1. Birth (jus soli)
· 2. Blood (jus sanguinis) - International Order o What is international order The combination of major actor's mechanism and understandings that manage the co-existence and interdependence of states · Westphalian System · Treaty of Westphalia in 1648 - ended the 30 years' war in Europe . Beginning to the sovereign state as the unit of action and analysis in International Relations · Anarchic system > no central command (i.e. no world police) · Must ensure self-preservation o Where does international order come from " Tired of meddling in the affairs and territories of others · Balance of power - if no one state gets too strong, there is order (i.e. no one state can dominate the system) " If one state gets too strong, the other states align to balance out (shifting alliance) · Multi-polar System (1500-1900) · WW1 -> WW2 the international system breaks down · Post WW2 -> Bi-Polar system . Cold War -> Two super powers emerge . 1989 (end of CW) · Present day " Fall of communism and the rise of one super/hegemonic power (USA) · Problems with International Order . Non-state actors · Terrorism . Human Trafficking · Environment