THOMSON GALE Encyclopedia of Religion, Second Edition Lindsay Jones, Editor in Chief @ 2005 Thomson Gale, a part of The Thomson Corporation. Thomson, Star Logo and Macmillan Reference USA are trademarks and Gale is a registered trademark used herein under license. For more information, contact Macmillan Reference USA An imprint of Thomson Gale 27500 Drake Rd. Farmington, Hills, MI 48331-3535 Or you can visit our Internet site at http://www.gale.com ALL RIGHTS RESERVED No part of this work covered by the copyright hereon may be reproduced or used in any form or by any means-graphic, electronic, or mechanical, including photocopying, record- ing, taping, Web distribution, or information storage retrieval systems-without the writ- ten permission of the publisher. For permission to use material from this product, submit your request via Web at http://www.gale-edit.com/permissions, or you may download our Permissions Request form and submit your request by fax or mail to: Permissions Thomson Gale 27500 Drake Rd. Farmington Hills, MI 48331-3535 Permissions Hotline: 248-699-8006 or 800-877-4253 ext. 8006 Fax: 248-699-8074 or 800-762-4058 Since this page cannot legibly accommodate all copyright notices, the acknowledgments constitute an extension of the copyright notice. While every effort has been made to ensure the reliability of the information pre- sented in this publication, Thomson Gale does not guarantee the accuracy of the data contained herein. Thomson Gale accepts no payment for listing; and inclusion in the pub- lication of any organization, agency, institu- tion, publication, service, or individual does not imply endorsement of the editors or pub- lisher. Errors brought to the attention of the publisher and verified to the satisfaction of the publisher will be corrected in future editions. LIBRARY OF CONGRESS CATALOGING-IN-PUBLICATION DATA Encyclopedia of religion / Lindsay Jones, editor in chief .- 2nd ed. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0-02-865733-0 (SET HARDCOVER : ALK. PAPER) ISBN 0-02-865734-9 (V. 1) - ISBN 0-02-865735-7 (v. 2) ISBN 0-02-865736-5 (v. 3) - ISBN 0-02-865737-3 (v. 4) ISBN 0-02-865738-1 (v. 5) - ISBN 0-02-865739-X (v. 6) ISBN 0-02-865740-3 (v. 7) - ISBN 0-02-865741-1 (v. 8) - ISBN 0-02-865742-X (v. 9) - ISBN 0-02-865743-8 (v. 10) - ISBN 0-02-865980-5 (v. 11) - ISBN 0-02-865981-3 (v. 12) - ISBN 0-02-865982-1 (v. 13) - ISBN 0-02-865983-X (v. 14) - ISBN 0-02-865984-8 (v. 15) 1. RELIGION-ENCYCLOPEDIAS. I. JONES, LINDSAY, 1954- BL31.E46 2005 200'.3-dc22 2004017052 This title is also available as an e-book. ISBN 0-02-865997-X Contact your Thomson Gale representative for ordering information. Printed in the United States of America 1098 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
ISLAM: ISLAM IN ANDALUSIA 4591 individualist and intellectual, much more pragmatic and concerned with the community. One can also assume that it will retain these characteristics in the future, particularly in the absence of any opposing tendency thus far. The prac- tice of the zawiyah, wherever it remains in evidence, is in- creasingly purified by the 'ulama'. In people's minds Islam is above all a law (shari' ah) that expresses the solidarity of the faithful, as can be seen in the way the