202 Responding to Domestic Violence REFERENCES . A Silence Too Loud: Family Violence (1984). Minneapolis: University of Minnesota. 10 Bard, M. (1970). Training Police as Specialists in Family Crisis Intervention. Wash- ington, DC: U.S. Department of Justice. Blumstein, A., et al. (1986). Criminal Careers and Career Criminals. Volumes 1 and 2. Washington, DC: National Academy Press. Goolkasian, G. (1986). Confronting Domestic Violence: A Guide for Criminal Justice Agencies. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Justice, May. Lempert, R.O. (1987). "Spouse Abuse: Ann Arbor Rushed Into Arrest Ordinance With- out Studying Side Effects." Ann Arbor News. June 21. Peters, R.D. & R.K. McMahon (eds.) (1986). Social Learning and Systems Approaches to Marriage and the Family. New York: Brunner/Mazel. Petersilia, J. (1985) Guideline-Based Justice. Santa Monica: The RAND Corporation. Police Executive Research Forum (1989). Innovative Programs, Policies, Procedures and Experiments from PERF Members' Agencies. Washington, DC: Police Execu- tive Research Forum. Sherman, L.W. & A.V. Bouza (1984). "The Need to Police Domestic Violence." Wall Street Journal. May 22. Sherman, L.W. & E.G. Cohn (1989). "The Impact of Research on Legal Policy: The Minneapolis Domestic Violence Experiment." Law and Society Review, pp. 118- 144. U.S. Attorney General's Office (1984). Attorney General's Task Force on Family Vio- lence. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Justice, September. U.S. Department of Justice (1987). Principles of Good Policing: Avoiding Violence Between Police and Citizens. Washington, DC: Community Relations Service. Victim Services Agency (1989). The Law Enforcement Response to Family Violence: The Training Challenge. New York. Coordinated Community Responses Jeffrey L. Edleson University of Minnesota and the Domestic Abuse Project INTRODUCTION Previous chapters in this book have examined recent developments in- volving the efforts of police, prosecutors, judges, probation officers and social service workers to end woman abuse. Unfortunately, the interventions of many different agencies often create inconsistent responding. For example, Ford (1983:463) found that prosecution of woman abusers was "governed as much by chance as by rational procedures." His study of 325 battered women who sought prosecution revealed that only 30 of their cases eventually reached court for a hearing. Similarly, Dutton (1987:189) estimated that perpetrators of woman abuse had only "a 0.38% chance of being punished by the courts." . The difficulties many communities have experienced in changing their re- sponses to abuse have generated a new type of organization, the Community Intervention Project (CIP) staffed primarily by battered women's advocates. In recent years, CIPs have been established across the United States to coordinate multisystem efforts aimed at achieving more consistent responses among differ- ent interveners. : This chapter begins with a description of model efforts to develop coordi- nated community interventions. It continues with a discussion of policy and practice issues regarding coordinated efforts and current evidence concerning the effectiveness of CIPs.
. Coordinated Community Responses 205 204 Coordinated Community Responses Community Intervention Projects CIPs have been established in Colorado (Domestic Violence Manual Task Force, 1988), California (Soler & Martin, 1983), and elsewhere (see Goolkasian, 1986). They exist in a variety of forms ranging from independent non-profit