Developing individual in society Lecture 3 and 4 : 22/02/2021 Psychodynamic Approaches Lecturer: Ava Horowitz Components of personality 1 Three levels of consciousness. - Conscious : Our current awareness. Easily and always accessible. - Preconscious : Not currently aware but can easily be brought into focus with little effort. - Unconscious : No direct access to this area. Once memories or experiences enter, they can never be consciously retrieved. Components of personality 2 Id - Deals with desires, the pleasure principle. - First part of the psyche to develop, from birth. - Involves biological drives and instincts. - Entirely unconscious. - Uncontrolled and uninhibited. - Seeks instant gratification, does not like to wait. Ego - Deals with reality, the reality principle. - Mediates between the Superego and Id. - Second part of the psyche to develop. - Controls cognitive functions, such as perception, idea of self, attention, memory, etc. - Exists in the conscious, preconscious and unconscious. Superego - Responsible for morals and ethics. - Last part of the psyche to develop. - In conflict with the Id, matches the desires with your morals and ethics .- - Ego-ideal, what you ought to be. - Conscience, what you ought not to be. - An internalised judge of the self, judges your actions, thoughts and behaviour. - Exists in the conscious, preconscious and unconscious.
Conscious Preconscious SUPEREGO Unconscious ID EGO Stages of Psychosexual development Freud created 5 stages of psychosexual development, to describe growth from childhood to adulthood. According to Freud, we are born in the oral stage, and slowly leave stages and enter new stages as we age. - Oral stage : Pleasure from the mouth, sucking and biting. - Anal stage : Pleasure from the anus, toilet training. - Phallic stage : Pleasure from masturbation and interest in genitals. - Latency stage/period : Attention to the external world. - Genital stage : Sexuality directed towards the sexual partner. Fixation at stages of development You can get stuck in a stage during development, this fixation became your personality type. Such as overindulgence or deprivation. You can either be overindulged at a stage, you do not want to leave this stage. Or you can be deprived at a stage. You did not fully process through it or get what you need. Oral fixation : - Overindulged = Optimistic, trusting, manipulative. - Deprived = Pessimistic, sarcastic, argumentative. Anal fixation : - Anal expulsive = Messy, generous, hostile. - Anal retentive = Miserly, rigid, obsessed.
Fixation at the phallic stage: - Can lead to either the Oedipus timales) or Electra tifemales) complex. Oedipus complex: - Motherly love turns into a sexual desire for the mother. - Because you desire your mother, you become hostile to the father. However, your father is big, and you worry that he will take vengeance on you. This leads to castration anxiety due to your phallic fixation. - Hostility becomes fear. - You fear then leads you to identify with your father, he is a model of what