Travel - Voyages Reading Summaries James Cook: The Voyages by William Frame and Laura Walker The Second Voyage 1772 - 1775 · Admiralty command was that Cook search for "that Southern Continent which has so much engaged the attention of Geographers and former navigators" - he aimed to find the land that had been spotted by a French expedition in 1738 p. 113 . Ultimately his expedition proved there was no Southern Continent - he travelled into the Antarctic twice and circuited the South Pacific twice (where he charted the location of previously discovered islands) . The scientists on his ships were the first to observe and describe the Antarctic seas" p. 113 · This expedition aimed to be scientific and improve mapping - chronometers were used · Johann Forster was the appointed naturalist whilst natural history artists and other naturalists also joined the voyage - there were astronomers who aimed to chart the path of Venus for the Royal Society but also to help with navigation, the use of the chronometers and the plotting of maps . William Hodges was the appointed artist and survived the voyage to the Pacific unlike the artists on the Endeavour - he later supervised the official engravings and produced oil paintings · When Hodges went to India in 1779, he was commissioned to draw landscapes and buildings and, unlike his drawings of the Pacific, he depicted India as an ancient civilisation that was now in decline · Cook's expedition left in 1772 - Forster's accounts of the voyage often include quotes from the Aeneid to describe his experience but also dramatize it p. 118 · As they were going through the Antarctic, Wales noted that the brighter horizon was a result of an ice field, something he had seen before in Hudson's Bay - Cook could not find a route south that was safe and the icebergs were dangerous . Forster's writing was more emotive than Cooks - see examples on p. 120 . In February 1773, after Cook could not find a way through the ice near the coast of Antarctica, they turned towards New Zealand but the smaller ship, the Adventure, lost the Resolution in the fog - The Resolution did not encounter land on its ways . Cook ate unfamiliar foods to try to ward off scurvy and lost just one man due to it on his three year voyage - attributed this to cleaning the ship regularly and eating malt and sauerkraut · Cook and Forster also tested a device invented by Charles Irwin that aimed to desalinate sea water - they successfully managed this and also experimented based on water temperature, despite these efforts though, water still had to be rationed and so ice was collected from icebergs as they were known to hold fresh water in the northern hemisphere p. 124 . In late March 1773, the Resolution arrived on the coast of the South Island of New Zealand in an area Cook named Dusky Sound -