"How and why was the colonial policing model different to the British one?" Scotland - A TYPOLOGY OF BRITISH POLICE: Locating the Scottish Municipal Police Model in Its British Context, 1800-35 by David Barrie, 259-277: . The historiography of the topic has always tended to treat Ireland as one type of policing and the mainland Britain as another section. (259) Argues this is the first attempt to show that Scotland's policing could be, and should be, considered on its own. · Alongside Scotland/Wales, municipal authorities have tended to be neglected too. (260) . Notes how Scottish police officers had different legal, procedural and administrative powers/basis than their English counterparts (262-3) but nonetheless, still had a lot in common e.g. enjoyed much discretion (263) . "the Scottish system of police governance was more democratically based than its English counterpart" allowing for a greater degree of community control and participation. (268) As the 19th century developed, "Scottish and English practice converged in many ways" (269) despite this there were subtle and some more obvious differences. (270) · Argues that, whilst there's a huge amount of similarities between Scottish and English police models in the period, there was little distinctively 'British' about them. (274) . "The police model that emerged in urban Scotland points to the importance of civic identity and indigenous factors in shaping police reform" therefore highlighting these influences as important and potentially underrated in the historiography. (274) · "In terms of municipal polricicing, civic influences, mores and identity were every bit as significant to police development as political discourse at the centre" (27fi) Britain - "The English Bobby" by Clive Emsley, 114-135: . Notes character of PC Dixon - an example of the "personification of the ideal English Bobby" (114) · Long-standing antipathy towards standing armies and spies, especially those things which appeared European or French. (11fi) . "the upper ranks of the police were to be filled from below" of conscientious and hard- working individuals looking for self-improvement - this was needed to make policing not look like class policing. (116) . Irony that the Met's creators truly didn't want it to look military but that is, nonetheless, how it was perceived by thousands of Londoners. (116) . "The political stability and political structure of Victorian Britain did enable the Bobby to maintain an image different from that of his continental counterparts" despite examples which indicate that they weren't always that different e.g. some carried revolved on the beat. (121) The lack of revolution/political violence meant that the Victorian political classes could avoid the creation of their own political police as on the Continent. (122) The devolved nature of policing also supported this argument of the Bobby as non-political. . Notes it's of course possible to find examples which run counter to the image of the Bobby as non-political. (124) . "if a thing is repeated often enough and with sufficient conviction then it will acquire the status of truth" (124) and this, the writer suggests, can be linked